Never been stung by one that I’m aware, but they’ll chase you if you’re near their nests. Stand still, they’ll zoom up and study your face, then go back to hovering on guard.
The main annoyance other than the damage to wood is getting them in an overhead trellis or porch roof with exposed rafters, they’ll rain sawdust down on you in surprising amounts while they bore.
I wouldn’t want to get bitten by something that can bore into wood like that, whether they can sting or not. I bet they could draw blood.
I have never even heard of anyone being stung by one. I looked online and the females have a painful sting, but the males are supposedly the ones who dive-bomb you and they don’t have stingers. I just whack them with a raqcuet, it works well, they hover right in front of you. I read on line that if you throw a similar sized pebble past them they will chase it, I’ll have to try it this spring. I think they must have a good bite, I have seen them chase off cicada killers, the really big hornet looking things.
The yellow jackets and bald faced hornets are the really mean ones, at least that I have observed.