Replies

Here's a place to start. Use your PhD to educate FReepers, unless you are too much of an elitist to bother with it.

http://www.blacklightpower.com/wp-content/uploads/papers/ContHOH.pdf

Mechanism of Soft X-ray Continuum Radiatio n from Low-Energy Pinch Discharges of Hydrogen and Ultra-low Field Ignition of Solid Fuels

R. Mills 1,a , Y. Lu 1 1
BlackLight Power, Inc., 493 Old Tr enton Road, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA

Abstract:

EUV radiation in the 10-30 nm region obs erved only arising from very low energy pulsed pinch gas discharges comprising some hydr ogen first at BlackLight Power, Inc. (BLP) and reproduced at the Harvard Center for Astro physics (CfA) was determined to be due to the transition of H to the lower-e nergy hydrogen or hydrino state H( 1/4) whose emission matches that observed wherein alternative sources were eliminated. The identity of the catalyst that accepts 3 27.2 eV  from the H cause the H to H(1/4) transition was investigated by recording the EUV continuum emission from electrodes ha ving metal oxides that are thermodynamically favorable to undergo H reduction to form HOH catalyst; whereas, t hose that are unfavorable did not show any continuum even though the low-melti ng point metals tested are very favorable to forming metal ion plasmas with strong short-wa velength continua in more powerful plasma sources.

Of the two possible catalysts, 3 H and HOH, the latter catalyst is more likely to be active in the H pinch plasma based on the behavior with oxi de-coated electrodes and the consideration of the intensity profile of the multi-body reaction required during 3 H catalysis. The HOH catalyst was further shown to give E UV radiation of the same nature by igniting a solid fuel source comprising a source of H an d HOH catalyst by passing a low-voltage, high current through the fuel to produce explosive plas ma. No chemical reaction can release such high-energy light, and the field corresponded to a vo ltage that was less than 15 V for the initially super-atmospheric collisional plasma. No high fi eld existed to form hi ghly ionized ions that could give radiation in this region. This plasma source se rves as strong evidence for the existence of the transition of H to hydrino H( 1/4) by HOH as the catalyst.

Moreover, m H catalyst was identified to be active in astronomical sources such as the Sun, stars, and interstellar medium wherein the characterist ics of product hydrino match thos e of the dark matter of the universe.

..........................................
. Conclusion

Continuum radiation in the 10 to 30 nm region that matched predicted transitions of H to hydrino state H(1/4), was observe d only arising from pulsed pinc h hydrogen discharges with metal oxides that are thermodynamically favor able to undergo H reduction to form HOH catalyst; whereas, those that are unfavorable did not show any continuum even though the low- melting point metals tested are very favorable to forming metal ion plasmas with strong short- wavelength continua in more powerful plasma sources.

The plasmas showing no continuum demonstrate that the pinch sour ce is too low energy to produce highly ionized metal continuum emission in agreement with the analysis by Byka nov [6]. Any high-energy ion emission must be due to nonthermal secondary emission from th e absorbed hydrino con tinuum. Of the two 18 possible catalysts, m H and HOH, the latter is more likely on the behavior with oxide coated electrodes based on the intensity profile at short wavelengths and the dependency on a thermodynamically favorable reaction of meta l oxide to HOH at the anode. A similar mechanism is functional in the CIHT cell [29,31] .

In addition to characteristic continuum radiation having a short-wavelength cutoff of 2 13.6 ; 3 meVm   for hydrino transition H to H(1/4) catalyzed by HOH, the transition also pr oduced predicted selective extraordinary high- kinetic energy H that was observed by the corresponding broadening of the Balmer  ⁬楮⁛崠捯湳楳瑥湴⁷楴栠灲敶潵猠潢獥牶慴楯湳⁛㥝併爠污扯牡瑯特⁥硰敲業湴猠桡癥⁣敬敳瑩慬業灬楣慴楯湳⸠?!祤牯来渠捯湴楮畡⁦牯瑲慮獩瑩潮猠瑯⁦潲⁨祤物湯猠瑣桥猠瑨攠敭楳獩潮⁦牯洠睨楴攠摷慲晳Ⱐ灲潶楤敳⁡⁰潳獩扬攠散桡湩⁯映汩湫楮朠瑨攠瑥敲慴畲攠慮搠摥湳楴礠捯湤楴楯湳⁯映瑨攠摩晦敲敮 ⁤楳捲整攠污祥牳⁯映瑨攠捯牯湡氯捨牯獰桥物挠獯畲捥猬⁡湤⁰牯癩摥猠愠獯畲捥⁯映瑨攠摩晦畳⁵扩煵楴潵猠䕕嘠捯楣扡捫杲潵湤⁷楴栠瑨攠㄰⸱⁮⁣潮瑩湵畭⁭瑣桩湧⁴桥⁯扳敲癥搠楮瑥湳攠ᄀ⸰ⴱ㘮〠湭⁢慮搠楮慤摩瑩潮⁴漠牥獯汶楮朠潴桥爠捯獭潬潧楣慬⁭獴敲楥猠嬳ⰳ㘬㐸崮† m H catalyst was shown to be active in astronomical sources.

The discovery of high-ener gy continuum radiation from hydrogen as it forms a more stable form has astr ophysical implications su ch as hydrino being a candidate for the identity of dark matter a nd the corresponding emissi on being the source of high-energy celestial and stellar continuum radiation [2-6]. For example, the EUV spectra of white dwarfs matches the conti nua for H(1/2), H(1/3) , and H(1/4), the 10.1 nm continuum is observed from interstellar medium, and recent da ta reveals that X-rays from distant active galactic nuclei sources are absorb ed selectively by oxygen ions in th e vicinity of the galaxy [65].

The temperature of the absorbing halo is between 1 million and 2.5 million Kelvin, or a few hundred times hotter than the surf ace of the Sun. The corres ponding energy range is 86 eV to 215 eV which is in the realm of the energy released for the transition of H to H(1/4). Indirect emission from ions is a feature of the conti nuum radiation emitted from hydrino transitions in celestial sources as well as hydrogen pinch plasmas at oxidized electrodes and solid fuel plasmas in our laboratory.

Rather, than the mechanism of electric field acceleration of ions to cause dense emission of highly ionized ions as the source of the 10-30 nm radiation, the ion line emission was determined to be due to seconda ry emission of absorbed continuum radiation as in the case of astronomical sources. The emission in both cases was determined to be of non-thermal nature.

Moreover, the 10-30 nm EUV con tinuum was observed in our la boratory from plasma having essentially no field. The HOH catalyst was furt her shown to give EUV radiation of the same nature as in the pinch plasmas by igniting a solid fuel source of H and HOH catalyst by passing a utra-low voltage, high current through the fuel to produce explosive plasma. No chemical reaction can release such high-energy light, and the field was that of a vo ltage of less than 15 V 19 for initially super-atmospheric collisional plasma. No high field existed to form highly ionized ions that could give radi ation in this region. This plasma source serves as strong evidence for the existence of the transition of H to hydrino H(1/4) by HOH as the catalyst.