I do not doubt this, but how does one determine a cow is happy?
Sure, all those milk cartons show some dopey looking cow with a photoshopped smile, but really? They never seemed overly expressive, just eat and defecate.
I grew up on a dairy farm. Not hard to tell when a cow is unhappy, neutral or happy—also fairly easy to discern what conditions make them feel those ways.They produce more milk when they aren’t stressed.
you say - “but how does one determine a cow is happy? “
cows have feelings too ;)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huT5__BqY_U