Plus all of the undersea volcanism, including the mid-oceanic spreading center which snakes around the globe as a continuous 40,500 mile-long ridge.
Plus all of the undersea volcanism, including the mid-oceanic spreading center which snakes around the globe as a continuous 40,500 mile-long ridge.
The most significant climate impacts from volcanic injections into the stratosphere come from the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid, which condenses rapidly in the stratosphere to form fine sulfate aerosols. The aerosols increase the reflection of radiation from the Sun back into space, cooling the Earth’s lower atmosphere or troposphere. Several eruptions during the past century have caused a decline in the average temperature at the Earth’s surface of up to half a degree (Fahrenheit scale) for periods of one to three years.
While sulfur dioxide released in contemporary volcanic eruptions has occasionally caused detectable global cooling of the lower atmosphere, the carbon dioxide released in contemporary volcanic eruptions has never caused detectable global warming of the atmosphere.
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/gas/climate.php