Could have been appendicitis.
I always heard he went on an all day drinking spree with some friends.
from Wikipedia:
“No extant contemporary source explains how or why he died. Half a century later, John Ward, the vicar of Stratford, wrote in his notebook: “Shakespeare, Drayton and Ben Jonson had a merry meeting and, it seems, drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted”,[66][67] not an impossible scenario, since Shakespeare knew Jonson and Drayton.”
Do you have reason for postulating that? I think it unlikely. Setting aside that is more rare among fully-grown adults, that condition as a common “disease” is a modern happenstance:
Appendicitis was largely unknown until the Western toilet was mass produced. The human body is designed for squatting during elimination; continual failure to fully eliminate may produce any of several chronic conditions, including appendicitis.
(No, I am not joking. This is a matter of physiology and physics.)
http://www.naturesplatform.com/health_benefits.html#appendicitis