When the word “study” and “research” is part of the title of something, no matter what is your opinion on a subject, it requires great investigation of the particular study, or piece of research.
Of the “peer reviewed” studies and research papers reported in reputable scientific and academic journals today in the U.S., a majority of them that others have sought to compare, use or cite, give conclusions/results that those others find they cannot independently reproduce. When a research or study is merely self-referential and has conclusions that cannot be duplicated by inpendent research, the research methodology & the conclusions are suspect.
That is the state of most “studyies” reported out of academia today. Singular conclusions that other studies find, or will find, cannot be reproduced.
They use to call “junk science” so much of what passes for science today.
In other words, the majority of peer reviewed studies and reseach do not stand up to indpendent scrutiny.
The hypothesis is written before the study so the study has to reflect the hypothesis. Junk science 101.
Its not junk science around where I live the mammals have figured out how to avoid being placed next to my gravy and mashed potatoes.