Ah, the anti-drug zealots have arrived - those who never had a toothache or an operation. Just like the old anti-vaccine zealots. Are they scientolists or something?
I’ve had both, and novocain/sleeping gas was all it took to get through it. Didn’t bother with the pain medication when I woke up. Achilles Tendon complete evulsion took one year of rehab after three months in a full leg cast in 1987 and angioplasty and angiogram in 2001 after a heart attack. Never took a pain pill. Medical marijuana much better for you than an opioid.
I worked in a big city ER for decades.I've also had both my hips replaced.
So I've had lots and lots of experience with narcotics as an observer and a bit of experience as a patient.
Long story short,I can't see the drug manufacturers as being responsible...any more than I can blame General Motors for drunk driving.Even if the drug makers advertised heavily in professional journals it's up to government "watchdogs" and peer reviewed articles to warn prescribes that the ads they see are not entirely accurate.