The first paragraph said:
"...Dubbed the “decade of delivery” by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the ‘Decade of Action’ by the International Renewable Energy Agency, the 2020s is a crucial decade for the energy transition. However, to realise the full potential of renewables and meet ambitious energy transition objectives, we must have the capacity to store energy more effectively..."
These people are not our friends, FRiend, and I suspect you may know that already. I want cheap energy as much as the next person, but the things outlined in this article are not going to do it. Anytime I see the word "decarbonization", I move on, because accepting that premise we need to do that means accepting a lie and the entire logistical tail of tyranny and control that goes along with it.
This is not the path.
Some may be useful, and it is true that many mickles can make a muckle.
The pumped hydro concept has been used in a lot of places, I have one less than fifty miles from my house that they pump water to a reservoir at the top of a mountain at night when energy is cheap, then drain it during the day to generate hydroelectric power when energy is expensive. I am good with that, but it isn't going to be a solution. I like the concept of bladders filled at different depths and such, but knowing the sea as I do, and the problems of things that live at sea, this isn't a solution, although I admit I find it fascinating that the environmentalists haven't gone after them with tenterhooks because they interfere with the North Atlantic Shad population or something.
To say it is an improvement of LION batteries is damning with faint praise.
Just think of the momentum associated with the rotation of the earth. All we need to do is attach a huge gearbox (step up) to the north or south pole (or both!) and tie it to a bank of generators.