Posted on 03/29/2023 10:41:56 PM PDT by ConservativeMind
The process by which memories are formed in the hippocampus region of the brain is complex. It relies on a precise choreography of interactions among neurons, neurotransmitters, receptors and enzymes.
A new mouse study led by researchers has identified an intricate molecular process involving gene expression in the neurons that appears to play a critical role in memory consolidation.
The new study focuses on the central adrenergic system. The ability to pay attention, which is essential in learning and memory, is controlled by the central adrenergic system in the brain.
To understand the components critical for memory, the researchers looked at beta-2 adrenergic receptors. The receptors are present in different cell types throughout the body. They are also found on nerve cells in the hippocampal region of the brain.
The researchers show that when beta-2 adrenergic receptors are activated, they stimulate the nucleus of the neuron to export an enzyme, phosphodiesterase 4D5 (PDE4D5).
Previous studies have identified PDE4D5 as having a role in promoting learning and memory.
The researchers used genetically altered mice to test whether phosphorylation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptors by G-protein receptor kinase was necessary for gene expression—the export of the PDE4D5 enzyme.
The mice lacked a phosphorylation site on their beta-2 adrenergic receptors, meaning their neurons could not follow the normal signaling pathway when the receptors were activated.
The researchers found that as expected, these genetically altered mice exhibited poor memory related to space and location. This is the same memory pathway that is disrupted during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
However, when they provided the memory-impaired mice with a drug known as a PDE4 inhibitor (comparable to the PDE4D5 enzyme that would normally be exported), the mice's ability to learn and retain memories was increased.
(Excerpt) Read more at medicalxpress.com ...
There are also multiple prescription drugs that do the same.
Author is illiterate concerning molecular biology.
Yeah caffeine
There are a lot of helpful items for brain performance in there, but Vinpocetine is the only one that appears to be a specific form of a PDE inhibitor, and it is a PDE1 inhibitor.
You mean like avoiding traps after escaping - even this Resurrection Rodent? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grcl0nI78Jc
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