I think there’s a town in Norway where carrying a rifle is mandatory.
I believe it is all the towns under Norway rule in the Svalbard archipelago.
The rule only applies outside of town, though. They also allow 12 gauge and up shotguns and .44 magnum and up handguns. They are making it much harder to carry handguns. It is a European antipathy for handguns, not the record of handgun use, which has been exemplary in Svalbard.