Obvuously UNION was of paramount importance to him, and he foresaw difficulties between competing regional interests between the South and the North and also East to the West.
Interestingly -- and something to think about -- he called for the formation of a national university, to which a national military academy (West Point) was an secondary proposal. He argued that nation needed the resource to train our young, and only a nationally funded school could pay the level of professorial salaries needed. That was in his eighth annual address, 7 December 1796.
The topic of national funding of college education is of current concern, and clearly Washington believed that to some extent it was a proper national expense, for the common defense.
To that end, national defense, he also wondered -- asking in open questions -- as to the level of national support for domestic "manufacture", a term as he used it the includes both industry and agriculture. He appeared to think that some level of national support was appropriate for those manufactures needed for that common defense, and that to allow outsourcing (modern term, not his) was a dangerous and unacceptable risk.
Washington openly espoused the Swiss militia system, where teenaged boys are trained in the use of military grade small arms, in a society where every home is armed.