What brought down the autocratic, feudal systems of the Middle Ages was the development of the firearm. The collapse of feudalism set the stage for the development of capitalism and the rise of representative government. The authors of the Second Amendment understood the importance of an armed populace. (The militia referred to in the amendment consisted of all able bodied males between certain ages.) The ability of the citizenry to overthrow a tyrant is the final safeguard against tyranny.
On the plus side, we're busy fighting a war against "civilians armed with readily available weapons".