They do last a lot longer, but they still need lots of maintenance where they completely re-do entire sections. This is paid for in part by a 200+ percent gas tax that goes up almost every year, plus a car tax. The average fuel efficiency over there is so good that even that much tax doesn't cover the cost of road maintenance. However, politically, that's not a tax for road maintenance, but an environmental tax -- at least that's what they say every time they raise it.
The Autobahn pavement structure is a lot thicker that what I have seen of US highways. But there's also other things that went on the Autobahn. Tanks. In some cases, attack jets during exercises (Jaguars and A-10 Warthogs), however I doubt that is going on now.