[Irontank]

John Bingham clearly meant the 14th to apply the Bill of Rights to the states.

John Bingham...while he was the chief draftsman, said a lot of things about what the 14th Amendment was to do...many of which contradicted one another. But still he was one Congressman...and this amendment was passed and ratified by hundreds of Congressman and state legislators...and, because the language on which the incorporation advocates rely is, at best, less than direct...there should be some serious contemporaneous evidence that the states were intending to invite the federal courts in to review every state law under the BOR...but that evidence does not exist.

[Right Wing Professor]

.there should be some serious contemporaneous evidence that the states were intending to invite the federal courts in to review every state law under the BOR

Many of the states ratified the 14th over the barrel of a gun. Their 'intent' was to end military rule, which was made conditional on ratification.