See if that holds if a kid born of US citizens, in say Turkey, violates their drug laws. It is not universally true, it depends on the circumstances and the country in question. It is true for children of diplomats, and in most cases US military stationed in a host country.
It's also irrelevant, it's our Constitution that controls, and it clearly states that if the child is born in the US and it, not its parent(s), is subject to the jurisdiction of the US, which it is unless exempted by international agreement with the country of its parents.
In many cases, the child may have duel citizenship if US law (including the Constitutional provision in question) says one thing, and the law of the Country of the Parents says another. I seem to remember that in such cases the child must declare one way or the other by a certain age, but I could be wrong about that.
Now, THERE'S a concept! Is that the kind Alexander Hamilton had?