Maps of the various Nazi forced labour and death camps.
In 12 years, the Nazis had built more than 10,000 camps. Dachau, the first camp, opened in March 1933; the last closed with the liberation of Stutthof in May 1945. Nazis and their willing allies ran collection camps (sammellager), where prisoners were kept before transport; labor-education camps (arbeitserziehungslager); transit camps (durchgangslager); collection camps for the dying (sterbelager); large concentration camps (konzentrationslager) like Ravensbrück; subcamps administered by main camps (aussenlager) like Gusen; and extermination camps (vernichtungslager) like Treblinka. Two camps in Poland, Auschwitz and Majdanek, functioned as both concentration camps, where slave labor was used, and as killing factories.
Most of the 10,000 camps have been dismantled, while some sit abandonned by the railways in Poland without memorials or markers on maps. Others like Auschwitz are tourist attractions that receive 500,000 annual visitors.
