I would bring back not only literacy tests but property qualifications as well and I would deny the vote to anyone receiving either a salary or a subsidy from the government.
For a very long time, I believe that every citizen should be allowed to vote, but that some peoples' votes should count for more than others.
For example, right off the bat, if you're a citizen, you get 1 vote.
If you've served in the active duty military (current or retired), you should get 1 vote plus one for every year you served in active duty.
If you've served in the National Guard, or reserves, you would get 1 additional vote, plus 1 for every year of active duty service (over and above the "normal" activations). Even if you're sent off for a month or two, you should get credit for entire year, but if there is more than a single activation during that year, you would still only get the 1 additional vote).
I would include the Coast Guard and Merchant Marine in the above 2 certifications.
Tax payers would get an additional vote. For every $5,000 in federal income tax paid (minus any "credits," like the EITC), you would get one additional vote.
Education should not be a factor in this... Some of the dumbest people I ever met were in college, and many are still there, chasing advanced degrees and teaching. Though I might make an exception for an "extra-credit" test, where if you can answer 10 questions right about American history and the Consitution, you would get 1 extra vote.
Of course there's no way this could possibly be made to work... Imagine the levels of corruption that this sort of scheme would invite.
Mark