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Worker bees take off (disappearing honeybees)
Washington Times ^ | April 24, 2007 | Deborah Zabarenko

Posted on 04/24/2007 8:24:42 PM PDT by Tolerance Sucks Rocks

Go to work, come home.

Go to work -- and vanish without a trace.

Billions of bees have done just that, leaving the crop fields they are supposed to pollinate, and scientists are mystified about why.

The phenomenon was noticed late last year in the United States, where honeybees are used to pollinate $15 billion worth of fruits, nuts and other crops annually. Disappearing bees also have been reported in Europe and Brazil.

Commercial beekeepers would set their bees near a crop field as usual and come back in two or three weeks to find the hives bereft of foraging worker bees, with only the queen and the immature insects remaining. The worker bees that survived were often too weak to perform their tasks.

If the bees were dying of pesticide poisoning or freezing, their bodies would be expected to lie around the hive. And if they were absconding because of some threat -- which they have been known to do -- they wouldn't leave without the queen.

Since about one-third of the U.S. diet depends on pollination and most of that is performed by honeybees, this constitutes a serious problem, says Jeff Pettis of the U.S. Agricultural Research Service.

"They're the heavy lifters of agriculture," Mr. Pettis said of honeybees. "And the reason they are is they're so mobile, and we can rear them in large numbers and move them to a crop when it's blooming."

Mr. Pettis and other analysts have gathered outside Washington for a two-day workshop that started yesterday to pool their knowledge and come up with a plan to combat what they call colony collapse disorder.

(Excerpt) Read more at washingtontimes.com ...


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Front Page News; Miscellaneous; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: apiary; colonycollapse; crops; disappearances; doomage; environment; fruits; honeybees; nuts; pollenators; pollenization; wearedoomed
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To: MaxMax

Bumblebees are not honey bees.


61 posted on 04/25/2007 8:21:49 AM PDT by Chickensoup (.The Muzzies are hanging us with the rope we paid out to the leftists.)
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To: Tolerance Sucks Rocks

it’s very simple- they’re sick of all the illegal imigrant bees coming here and taking away their jobs, so they’ve left the country for greener pasteurs. No mystery-


62 posted on 04/25/2007 10:00:32 AM PDT by CottShop
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To: miele man; Flavius

It might be merely an internet urban legend. My research turns up nothing....

Regardless, this issue of disappearing honey bees is serious.


63 posted on 04/25/2007 10:03:03 AM PDT by Theo (Global warming "scientists." Pro-evolution "scientists." They're both wrong.)
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To: CottShop

Actually, the honeybees are immigrants and not native to the Americas. Maybe they have decided they hate America just like all their European ancestors.


64 posted on 04/25/2007 11:15:13 AM PDT by bukkdems (Western democracies! Ban the niqab in public.)
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To: redgolum

Interesting...thank you very much for the info. I really don’t have enough bio-chemical background. I constantly rely on the advice of those “in the know”, in regards to more things than I can keep track of...


65 posted on 04/25/2007 11:54:11 AM PDT by BlueDragon (never go out to sea, on a boat that has shiny pump handles)
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To: Western Phil
"Wouldn’t using the old comb eventually have the same effect? I understand they do not clean out the cocoons when the brood hatches out.

Yes, there is a build up of material in brood comb cells. They do get smaller. Which may be one reason wax foundation makers went from original sizing (in the late 1800's) of 4.85 mm, or thereabouts, to approx. 5.35mm, in one particular large-scale commercial bee supplier's standard brood cell size? That, and they thinking went, "bigger bee, more nectar=more honey", etc...

I just measured some brood comb from a feral hive (which absconded, leaving comb behind) and found 5.2mm cell size in the brood comb. This leaves me to consider that these bees were from a swarm thrown from somebody's standard (foundation size) equipment, since they were not regressed in size from the widely used 5.2-5.4 mm range of size.

Periodic renewal of brood comb, though going against commercial orthodoxy, to an extent, might be a help, just from a hygenic point of view.

What I do wonder much about, among so many other considerations, is the re-use of wax. If one is thinking about reducing exposure to viruses, then just how much virus might be found in the wax? We know trace amounts of chemicals bees have been exposed to (or treated with!) can be in wax, so if one is using this wax again making their own foundation...

Oh, well, nevermind about that, since unless one could actually BEGIN with completely virus-free bees, then some virus present in the wax won't matter too much, will it, if the virus is present on the bees bodies anyway?

I'm certainly not covering any new ground here...beekeepers have been mulling things like this over, and experimenting (and getting mixed results, quite often) for some time now. It's not like things once were. All these new challenges, on top of some of the same OLD challenges...times have changed.

I do wish some folks could come along, and sort out the root causes of these latest bee disappearances. And I wish those capable, could be funded to investigate viruses, and fungus, and how those may effect honeybees, along with further work towards reducing varroa, like --- making (relatively cheap, and very effective) oxalic acid treatements legal in the U.S., like they are in Europe!

You say you experienced losses due to mites? The tracheal, or the varroa, or both? Do you still have bees? Did you ever try feeding "grease patties" for reduction of tracheal mites, or use Api strips for the varroa? Ever try other varroa treatments? Powedered sugar, (as long as it doesn't contain corn starch, very important!) works if one can thoroughly dust the bees. The sugar seems to kill the varroa mites on contact. The trouble with that method, is that it is thoroughly disruptive and invasive, and the bees don't appreciate it much, at the time, hehehe... i can't imagine doing that to hundreds of hives, like 12 hundred, or 17 hundred, like the big commercial operators have.

It appears to me, that there are better strategies for varroa treatment, than Apistan, and other similar stuff. But I won't go into all of it in detail here...since it's much better to get that sort of info from those with more authority than myself.

got any used bee equipment you want hauled away? heheheh...

66 posted on 04/25/2007 1:24:46 PM PDT by BlueDragon
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To: Theo; Flavius

Theo, thank you for looking for an answer to my question. I’ve not been able to find an answer either, but haven’t had an opportunity to do some serious research. I doubt Einstein would make such a remark without having some basis for saying it. You are right, it could well be an internet urban legend. I hope so. This is a serious issue for all of us. I have a few bee hives (hence my handle “miele” which is Italian for honey)and have not encountered the problem...yet. I’ve heard of beekeepers in Alabama (where I live) who have lost large numbers of hives yet the NY Times article on this showed no losses in Alabama.


67 posted on 04/25/2007 2:02:46 PM PDT by miele man (Continually voting against iodine deficient libs for 42 years)
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To: BlueDragon
“1. You say you experienced losses due to mites? 2. The tracheal, or the varroa, or both? 3. Do you still have bees? 4. Did you ever try feeding “grease patties” for reduction of tracheal mites, or use Api strips for the varroa? 5. Ever try other varroa treatments?”

What is this? Some kind of test?

1. Never sure about this. Until the publicity of the mites showed up, I would loss 1 or two hives overwintering - out of 15 or so. (Ask me about the 3000 lbs of honey in late 80s one time.) This included the severe winters in the seventies (east central Illinois). Mostly those were weak due to various reasons - including Penicap poisoning (spelling?) and yellow jacket predation. Likely due to the mites, overwintering losses went to about half or more. Soon I was down to 0 overwintering.

2. Never looked for mites. Didn’t think I could see them so didn’t bother. The last few years my granddaughters (for a 4-H project) and her mother have started keeping bees - attending classes and the local beekeeping meetings. (I never did get involved with that kind of thing. Too much time and too little information, I thought.) They have learned quite a bit there and my daughter-in-law has pointed out some varroa mites on her bees. She uses the screened bottom board and we have procured some commercial ones with the hive bettle traps. They thought they had the hive beetle last year. Don’t know if that was a false alarm or what.

3. I am up to three hives again now. One here in town and two out in the country.

4. Tried both a number of years ago. Could not tell that the bees were doing anything with the grease patties or that the strips were effective.

5. Have used food grade mineral oil fogging. Don’t know if that is supposed to treat tracheal mites or the varroa. Two years ago, I did it faithfully once a weak and my tow hives overwintered well. Last year, I fogged the country bees twice and the home bees not at all. All overwintered, but the home ones are considerably weaker. My take on the fogging is that it suffocates the mites and has limited effect on the larger bees. The bees’ response to the oil fogging is somewhat similar to smoking.

68 posted on 04/25/2007 2:23:06 PM PDT by Western Phil
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To: 11th_VA

Do you mean the”killer bees” that are coming up from Mexico?
I don’t think we need them.


69 posted on 04/25/2007 3:29:02 PM PDT by upcountryhorseman (An old fashioned conservative)
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To: Western Phil
Thank you for the reply. Good info. I offer sincere apology if my questions offended you in any way. No, it wasn't a test. I was just curious. Have never used the FGMO but have nothing against it. It does seem to be gentler than many other treatments.

The screened bottom boards are probably a good idea. Some add a shallow tray of mineral oil, to drown the mites when they drop. Trouble is, one has to go clean the trays out.

70 posted on 04/25/2007 4:27:47 PM PDT by BlueDragon
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To: BlueDragon

You know, you raise some very good points. In fact, you make me regret some changes I made in early season pollen supplements. I remember Dr. Furgala at the U of M many years ago raising the point about soy flour problems, but I hadn’t thought of it in years. It so happens, that I extended last year’s feed and this year’s feed with some soy flour I had laying around. Hmmm...I had fair losses this year, too, but at least half of them were starvation and higher moisture levels due to screwed up moisture board/inner-cover arrangement (my bad).

So...you think the cell size is worth the time and expense for varroa control?


71 posted on 04/25/2007 5:29:34 PM PDT by WorkingClassFilth (ought)
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To: BlueDragon
["...There have been other fluctuations in the number of honeybees, going back to the 1880s"]
 
I think it goes back a lot farther than that.
 
The bee is before all creatures the sponsor, inspiration, and guide of the Great Trek. As a creature of the preexistent or prediluvian world, and all but sole survivor of the great catastrophes that desolated the earth,39 the bee is first to arrive on the scene and start things going again in the new world.
http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/bookschapter.php?bookid=48&chapid=297
 
One of the Mormon tenets is to have a year supply of food on hand.

72 posted on 04/25/2007 10:35:00 PM PDT by VxH (One if by Land, Two if by Sea, and Three if by Wire Transfer)
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To: Chickensoup
Bumblebees are not honey bees.

Please share the one aspect they do have in common..

73 posted on 04/25/2007 11:47:51 PM PDT by MaxMax (God Bless America)
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To: RunningWolf
From KeyWest: I am a beekeeper and the problem is mostly hype. Disappearing disease hits bees periodically and in some areas severely reduces the population. No one really knows what causes it but the bees come back just fine.

Almond pollination requires about a million colonies. The Almonds were pollinated. There was not a major shortage of colonies. The same for the east coast and blueberry pollination which requires about 60,000 colonies. There will be no shortage of colonies.

There is a problem but it is with the Varroa and Tracheal mites. Varroa controls have lost their effectiveness and most of the losses can be attributed to it. Tracheal has been under the radar for a long time, since it appeared to be under control. The current symptoms of the problem are almost exactly like Tracheal mites. Tracheal mites thrive when bees are confined such as winter and when bees are transported. Almost all the reports are from commercial operations where both conditions can be found.

All the losses in my State (which is no longer Fla) were from mites, but that did not stop one large operation from saying it was colony collapse, even though his bees had a high mite load before the collapse. Made the papers so more hype.

The cell phone trial was bogus since it was clear the testers did not have any knowledge of bees and how they forage.

All the usual suspects are attaching their cause to the “crisis” including anti-GMO, anti-pesticide, anti-cell phone, anti-industrialization, global warming, and people trying to make a buck out or hysteria.

The problem has been with us before and is with us now and the world did not come to an end.

74 posted on 04/26/2007 7:28:42 AM PDT by Lazamataz (JOIN THE NRA: https://membership.nrahq.org/forms/signup.asp)
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To: MaxMax

1. They’re social insects.
2. Same family.
3. Collect nectar and make honey.
4. Secret wax for use in the nest.


75 posted on 04/26/2007 2:43:29 PM PDT by WorkingClassFilth (ought)
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To: Lazamataz
Yes, Laz, that does seem to be the size of it...to a very large extent. But there is the historical record of what was called "disappearance", not exactly, "die off", "dead out", or "absconding", etc., long before the tracheal and varroa mite infestations.

Usually, I'm laughing my a$$ off at your bizarro but uproariously funny posts.

Now that you seemed to have fairly well nailed it, forwarding Key West's post to this thread I'm only as flummoxed and flabbergasted as is "normal", without the laughs.

Then again, maybe guys were just using too much


76 posted on 04/26/2007 6:30:32 PM PDT by BlueDragon
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To: WorkingClassFilth
"So...you think the cell size is worth the time and expense for varroa control?

That's a tough question. For small time hobbyists willing to trade production for smaller sized bees, or those who wish to otherwise experiment, then yes, even though I don't completely yet believe doing so will completely forgo the eventual need to treat for tracheal and varroa mites.

Call me pessimistic, but willing to try it, at this stage.

I'm not completely sold on the small cell idea, even coupled with careful stock selection and breeding (always a good choice, regardless, if one can manage to do THAT) but the small cell size, too, might help...

If it really does cut the "prime-time" by a day, for when the varroa enter the cells to breed beneath larvae before they are capped, then that could cut a mite load in half, right there.

If I was a big time, commercial bee guy, I seriously doubt that I'd do much more than experiment with regressing a small percentage of what stock I had. Even that would result in a reduction in ability to exchange frames between hives, thus limiting management options, sort-of segregating one's equipment. It would also increase management and monitoring work, to verify or falsify results. Just what a guy needs, more headaches, huh?

From what I read, the big operators are not moving towards small cell, for the most part, though there is a notable, small to mid-sized commercial exception, who happen to be the same folks who sort-of started the movement to small cell.

To regress what bees one does have;
It does seem like one would have to shake down an entire colony at a time, too, at a time when there were good flows either "on" or soon to be expected to occur.

If one attempted to mix sizes, then mixed sizes and who knows what sort of confusion could occur, not only with the bees?

Other than just planning on starting any new packages or captured swarms on the 5.1, on the way down to 4.9, what should a guy do?

Maybe one could attempt giving them frames of smaller cell foundation, by way of checkerboarding new foundation between drawn frames, in a typical effort to reduce swarming tendencies, particularly if one then planned on removing those frames to Nucs, and re-queening wherever it is determined to be necessary?

Then, hive those who have been regressed, into normal, larger quarters when they show they're ready, holding them over in that condition until the next season, before regressing those yet again in the spring, or after they start booming again, either by shaking them down, or letting them expand again into frames of yet smaller foundation...which would result in some complications, leaving a guy with three cell sizes to juggle and keep track of, on top of all the rest, undoubtedly also resulting in having some colonies too weak, in the long run, forcing one to make combines at some point, while still keeping cell foundation sizes segregated.
Whoaa...what a pain, huh? Twice over, to get all the way down to 4.9 mm, too.

OR perhaps:

Going back into the broodnests after checkerboarding, removing those frames that one placed there, of the smaller cell size [once those held capped & open brood, preferably with the queen also present & active on these smaller cell size frames] in a take-away split, taking the hive on normal, larger celled foundation "away" in the hopes the foragers would take up residence in the smaller cell hive put in the same exact place the "original" larger celled hive was. This would work smoother if one could determine that the queen was with the hive of smaller cell...
Re-queening issues arise here again, regardless, but I won't suggest strategies on how to do that, here. I'll leave that to the experts. There is certainly more than one way to do it.

One would need keep the equipment, particularly all frames, well marked, and careful logs of what one did to what colony, regardless of how this mixing of cell sizes on the way down to "small" actually went.

It's no wonder the Lusby's just shook 'em all down (forcing multiple, entire colonies at a time to "start over", on smaller cell foundation) hive by hive. And they had to do it twice, to get to 4.9 mm. Ouch. It's also no wonder the big operators are hesitant to follow THAT program.

They have multiple, yearly pollination contracts they want and need to meet.

Keeping what one has, and attempting to stay on top of the mites, is the option most seem to be going with, and I can't blame them at all.

In five years, maybe I'll have better answers. I do hope so...

77 posted on 04/26/2007 8:49:31 PM PDT by BlueDragon
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To: Theo; Flavius

Re: Einstein’s supposed remark. I found this information.

“Also on the Internet is a quote attributed to Albert Einstein on how humans would die off in four years if not for honeybees. It’s wrong on two counts.

First, Einstein probably never said it, according to Alice Calaprice, author of “The Quotable Einstein” and five other books on the physicist.

“I’ve never come across it in anything Einstein has written,” Calaprice said. “it could be that someone had made it up and put Einstein’s name on it.”
Source: www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8OSE3VO2&show_article=1&catnum=-1


78 posted on 05/02/2007 12:49:36 PM PDT by miele man (Continually voting against iodine deficient libs for 42 years)
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To: miele man

yes ive also found sites that where debunking the myth


79 posted on 05/02/2007 4:02:40 PM PDT by Flavius ("Qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum")
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To: Flavius

No bees and cooling sun equals famine for those who cannot afford the much higher food prices that are coming.


80 posted on 05/31/2009 4:36:19 AM PDT by UncleSamBO=USSA (Coffee and Grain Prices will be sharply higher due to sunspot cooling)
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