The only way to permanently sequester CO2 from the carbon cycle is to separate the carbon atom in each molecule from the oxygen atoms and process it into a non-oxidizing form such as diamond or fullerene.
Unless it was marine algae which sank to the bottom of the sea. In the dark, cold, oxygen-poor environment of the ocean floor, it would eventually be covered with sediment, and be turned into coal or oil a few hundred million years from now
In the iron-poor antarctic waters, all you would need is seed the water with rust to produce an algae bloom