The students were swept up in the Peace Movement, and that brought on the concept of a Protest against the War.
The anarchists and communists saw this as a means to an end, and did the meticulous planning to turn the PROTEST into a RIOT.
Those same type of people (anarchists and communists) tried to do the same thing recently at a protest against the sentencing of a black man, in Oakland, CA (IIRC). The police chief was aware the anarchists were there, and of their tactics, and ordered his men not to get suckered into shooting protestors.
The Communist Takeover Of America - 45 Declared Goals
19. Use student riots to foment public protests against programs or organizations which are under Communist attack.
I lived near Kent State shortly after the shootings, and everybody around there always claimed that the “students” had shot first.
There was a serious town/gown conflict there, because Kent State was in a rural area but most of the students were well off kids from Cleveland. Their parents were wealthy or at least extremely comfortable, but they had their kids declare themselves emancipated minors so they could attend a state school for nearly free. Essentially, most of the students were paying nothing, despite the fact that they were very well off, and they had the leisure to go out and demonstrate against the military, burn US flags, etc. Like all the wealthy, they were extremely left wing.
I don’t think the anarchists and communists had necessarily planned this; it was simmply the fact that they had a ton of privileged idiots out there that enabled them to feel so confident.