I feel that performance is a much better indicator than rote examination.
The best professors I ever had gave us open book / open note exams. They were also the classes with the hardest tests and the classes I got the most out of.
I give open book, open note exams.
I also tell the students that the questions concern what they’ve studied, but that the books and notes will do them no good.
It’s easy to do...although I doubt that any education major would have a clue.