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Rest In Peace, old friend, your work is finished.....
If you want ON or OFF the DIESEL ”KnOcK” LIST just FReepmail me.....
This is a fairly HIGH VOLUME ping list on some days.....
Posted on 05/20/2011 7:28:14 AM PDT by thackney
Bloomberg so link only.
I will summarize below.
If they can get the price down, the technology could be used in the US.
I will search for other sources concerning the technology used in Qatar .
Gas to Liquids Jet Fuel research
http://www.shell.com.qa/home/content/qat/products_services/qatartechnology/jet_fuel/
Gas to Liquids Kerosene is one of the products that will be produced by the Pearl Gas to Liquids plant in Ras Laffan Industrial City. GTL Kerosene can be used for cooking, lighting, dry-cleaning but its main use will be for aviation. Blends of GTL Kerosene and crude oil-derived kerosene are known as GTL Jet Fuel.
Airbus, Qatar Airways, Qatar Petroleum, Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP), Rolls-Royce plc, Shell and WOQOD signed an agreement to research the potential benefits of GTL Jet Fuel in aviation engines in November 2007. The objective of our work is to investigate and quantify the benefits of using GTL Jet Fuel blends to power commercial aircraft.
The consortium’s GTL Jet Fuel research agreement comprises three different research programmes: the performance programme, the combustion programme and the properties programme.
The focus of the research on the performance programme is to quantify fuel effects on potential fuel economy and improved payload/range performance. The combustion programme is focussed on quantifying the effects of the fuel composition on altitude re-light and emissions. The properties programme is studying physical properties of GTL Jet Fuel including materials compatibility and thermal stability.
Each programme is centred around different consortium partners and is based on a research network approach that links Qatari scientists with senior researchers abroad – we have signed agreements with Texas A&M at Qatar, the Low Carbon Combustion Centre at the University of Sheffield, and the Qatar Science & Technology Park for the properties programme.
GTL Jet Fuel, as an alternative to conventional oil-based kerosene, will contribute to diversification of aviation fuel supply. It also burns with lower sulphur dioxide and particulate emissions than pure conventional oil-based kerosene, making it attractive for improving local air quality at busy airports.
The first commercial aircraft trial of GTL Jet Fuel was in 2008 when an Airbus A380 flew from Filton in the UK to Toulouse in France using a blend of GTL Kerosene and conventional kerosene.
GTL Jet Fuel, with GTL kerosene up to 50 per cent, was fully and unconditionally approved as safe for use in civil aviation by ASTM International (originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials) in 2009.
The approval followed two years of separate research and discussion by the ASTM specification group, a separate consensus body consisting of producers, equipment manufacturers and consumers of aviation fuel.
The first commercial flight on GTL Jet Fuel was a Qatar Airways flight from London to Doha in October 2009 using an Airbus A340-600 aircraft with Rolls-Royce Trent 556 engines.
Pearl GTL is expected to produce around one million tonnes per annum of GTL kerosene from 2012, enough to power a typical commercial airliner for half a billon kilometres (equivalent to carrying 250 passengers around the world 4,000 times) when used in a 50 per cent blend to make GTL Jet Fuel.
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of course the regime does not want us self sufficient...it wants us to be peasants to the royal messiah...zer0.
Pearl GTL: the world’s largest gas-to-liquids plant set for production
http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/our_strategy/major_projects_2/pearl/set_for_production/
The world’s largest plant to turn natural gas into cleaner-burning fuels and lubricants took a major step closer to production today when gas began flowing from a giant offshore field.
Pearl GTL will process around 3 billion barrels of oil equivalent over its lifetime from the world’s largest single gas field, the North Field in the Arabian Gulf. The field stretches from Qatar’s coast and contains more than 900 trillion cubic feet of gas, equivalent to 150 billion barrels of oil, or over 10% of worldwide gas resources.*
The gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant, a joint development by Qatar Petroleum and Shell, will add almost 8% to Shell’s production worldwide — making it the company’s main engine for growth for 2012. It has a capacity of 260,000 barrels oil equivalent a day and is expected to ship its first product in 2011 and reach full production in 2012.
“We’re on the verge of starting up a project that will be a foundation for Shell’s future growth for decades to come,” says Shell’s Country Chairman in Qatar, Andy Brown. “For Qatar it means another way to generate revenues from gas reserves, in addition to selling pipeline gas or liquefied natural gas. It diversifies the country’s revenue streams and provides long-term income.”
The plant will produce cleaner-burning diesel and aviation fuel, oils for advanced lubricants, naphtha used to make plastics and paraffin for detergents. It will make enough diesel to fill over 160,000 cars a day and enough synthetic oil each year to make lubricants for more than 225 million cars. The products will reach customers in every major energy market through Shell’s global retail network.
In bringing Pearl to production, Shell engineers have built on more than 30 years of experience in gas-to-liquids technology. We built the world’s first commercial-scale GTL plant in Bintulu, Malaysia, in 1993. Pearl’s output of GTL products will be 10 times greater than Bintulu’s.
Safety record
Building Shell’s biggest engineering project to date in Ras Laffan, a vast industrial zone on Qatar’s coast some 90 kilometres north of Doha, was a major feat. At the peak of construction, it involved more than 52,000 workers from over 50 nations.
Despite the massive number of workers involved and the complexity of Pearl’s construction, a strong safety culture helped Qatar and Shell achieve a record-breaking 77 million hours worked onshore without injuries leading to time off work.
Preparing for a smooth start-up
Getting the huge plant into full operation will take a series of carefully executed system start-ups. Pearl GTL’s control room — the nerve centre of one of the largest and most sophisticated plants ever built in the energy industry — has powered up.
The first turbines and auxiliary steam systems have begun to generate steam and electricity to power the plant. The first two oxygen separation units are up and running.
Drilling record
Sixty kilometres offshore, natural gas from the North Field — discovered by Shell in 1971 — is now flowing from to two platforms standing in water up to 40 metres deep to feed Pearl GTL. Eleven wells were drilled for each platform in record drilling times for the field.
Two underwater 76–centimetre (30-inch) diameter pipelines are carrying the natural gas to a gas separation plant onshore that extracts natural gas liquids: ethane for industrial processes, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for domestic heating and cooking and condensates as a feedstock for refineries. The separation process also removes contaminants like metals and sulphur. The sulphur is turned into pellets and shipped to the nearest market to make hydrosulphuric acid, fertiliser or other valuable products.
Turning gas into liquid fuel
The pure gas, or methane, that remains will then flow to the GTL section of the plant, where it will be converted in a three-stage process into a range of gas-to-liquids products using Shell proprietary technology.
Finally, the liquid hydrocarbon wax is upgraded using specially developed technology involving new catalysts into the range of products. It takes some 2,000 steps to prepare all GTL systems for production.
In Qatar, summer temperatures exceed 40°C (104°F) and rainfall is slight. Conserving water is critical. Pearl was designed to be self-sufficient in its use of water.
Pearl, the largest investment by Shell in any single project, is a fully integrated project spanning production from an offshore gas field to finished marketable products. Shell is funding 100% of the development costs under a profit- sharing agreement with the state of Qatar.
*source: Oil & Gas Journal
you should make a fisher tropsch ping list
Our technologies and know-how will be combined in the world’s largest gas to liquid plant – which we are building in partnership with Qatar Petroleum – Pearl GTL.
1. Producing natural gas
Qatar's North Field is the world's largest natural gas field. It contains over 900 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, about 15% of the global total. Two unmanned offshore platforms each operate 11 wells. The gas flows through two pipelines to processing facilities at the onshore Ras Laffan industrial zone.
QUICK FACTS
-1. The steel used in the pipelines weighs as much as 18 Eiffel Towers.
- 2. Special chemicals are injected with the gas to protect the carbon steel pipelines against corrosion and to stop ice crystals forming inside.
2. Separating the gas
Water and condensates are separated from the gas. Other components, such as sulphur, are also removed and cleaned. The gas is then cooled and the natural gas liquids are removed via distillation. The remaining pure natural gas (methane) flows to the gasification unit.
QUICK FACTS
- 1. The extracted sulphur is used for other purposes, such as producing fertilisers, in asphalt and concrete.
- 2. The natural gas liquids are piped to Ras Laffan port and sold as chemical feedstocks and LPG fuel for heating appliances and vehicles.
3. Making synthesis gas
In the gasifier at around 2,200-2,650°F (1,400-1,600°C) the methane and oxygen are converted into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide known as synthesis gas, or syngas.
QUICK FACTS
- 1. The reaction produces heat, which is recovered to produce steam for power.
4. Making liquid waxy hydrocarbons
The synthesis gas enters one of 24 reactors. Each reactor holds a large number of tubes containing a Shell proprietary catalyst. The catalyst serves to speed up the chemical reaction in which the synthesis gas is converted into long-chained waxy hydrocarbons and water.
QUICK FACTS
- 1. The catalyst consists of tiny granules, just millimetres long with microscopic holes, containing minute metal particles. The total surface area of the microscopic holes in the catalyst granules is more than eighteen times the surface area of Qatar.
-2. The synthesis process generates a lot of heat, which is also used to produce steam that in turn powers the GTL plant via steam turbines.
- 3. All water in the GTL process is purified and reused in the utilities system of the plant to generate steam.
- 4. Placed end-to-end the tubes would stretch from Qatar to Japan.
5. Making GTL (gas to liquids) products
The plant creates a range of products from natural gas that would otherwise be produced from oil.
Using another Shell proprietary catalyst, the long hydrocarbon molecules from the GTL reactor are contacted with hydrogen and cut (cracked) into a range of smaller molecules of different length and shape. Distillation separates out the products with different boiling points.
GTL PRODUCTS
GTL Naphtha is used as a chemical feedstock for plastics manufacture.
GTL Kerosene can be blended with conventional Jet Fuel (up to 50%) for use in aviation – known as GTL Jet Fuel – or used as a home heating fuel.
GTL Normal paraffins are used for making more cost-effective detergents.
GTL Gasoil is a diesel-type fuel that can be blended into the global diesel supply pool.
GTL Base oils are used to make high-quality lubricants.
Part A
Extracting pure oxygen
Pure oxygen for the gasification process is extracted from the air through eight vast air separation units. Air is cooled to liquefy the oxygen and nitrogen. Distillation separates out oxygen in a “cold box” – like an icebox, this helps to maintain the low temperature that is required to separate the oxygen.
QUICK FACTS
- 1. Each distillation cold box is as tall as a 10-storey building.
- 2. The air separation units produce over 28,000 tonnes of oxygen each day. If this were not produced on-site, more than 1,000 trucks per day would be needed to bring it in.
Part B
Generating power using residual heat
Residual heat from various steps of the process makes steam that helps drive large compressors.
QUICK FACTS
-1. Around 8,000 tonnes of steam are generated and distributed each hour.
-2. Reusing water (Formerly Effluent Treatment Plant)
The plant does not draw on any water from Qatar’s resources. It reuses process water as cooling water and to generate steam for power.
QUICK FACTS
-1. Water passes though filters with openings 200,000 times thinner than a human hair.
View Animation:
http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/our_strategy/major_projects_2/pearl/process/
http://fuelfix.com/blog/2011/05/20/shell%e2%80%99s-shale-gas-may-be-refined-into-diesel-jet-fuel/
Try this
However, I have not noticed fisher tropsch anywhere in Shell's description. It may be similar but not the same. Or it may essentially be different with a similar result.
Wouldn’t it be nice if we didn’t have an anti-energy president so they could spend that money over here? We could help pull this country out of the recession just by energy development alone if they would just let it run but that doesn’t fit the socialist agenda of our glorious POS leader.
diesel, jet fuel and others from natural gas
ping
I don't like tinyurl personally. I don't like hiding where people are being directed. Since they are clicking on the link and not typing it in, I don't understand the purpose of tinyurl other than to hide the source.
Just my 2¢, I often will not click on a tinyurl unless I have significant trust in the source.
understood...my post was sort of tongue in cheek. just the idea of a fischer tropsch ping list struck me as funny this am.
weird sense of humor, I know....
Synfuels International announced a newer, cheaper process a few years ago. Probably Shell and everyone else is doing similar.
LOL! PAGE NOT FOUND is popping up all over the place this morning.
Actually, I have had good luck with tiny URL, but never gave much thought to the fact that it hides the source...........I’ll have to consider that in the future.
you can make gasoline from grass clippings, but at what cost?
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/21/business/worldbusiness/21exxon.html
Exxon doesn’t find the process economic and has focused on Liquefying the natural gas and shipping it to markets.
Rest In Peace, old friend, your work is finished.....
If you want ON or OFF the DIESEL ”KnOcK” LIST just FReepmail me.....
This is a fairly HIGH VOLUME ping list on some days.....
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