Hard to get a banking system going because property is held in common. Tribalism is an impediment because the individual cannot act apart from the tribe.
and NOBODY can get ahead of the chief.
Independent land ownership? Uh-uh. Small subsistence plots is the rule, for their implements and methodology.
Anyone “gets” more money than the chief? more friends? more ideas? more charisma..... the people naturally know that no one can threaten the chief or power hierarchy.... so some of the words of their social action are PHD...pull him down, or, like crabs in a bucket, as soon as one starts to get out, the others reach up and pull him back in.
And the chiefs dont want to hear about democracy as it upsets their rightful hierarchy after all, the chief by day got his “stuff” from his patrilineage and the same for the chief by night. Democracy is the last thing they want to hear about.
They dont need to worry about colonialism pulling them down. uh uh... Nor the White Man.... theys jus gotta look in the mirror.
And the world of islam is no different... just add some imams. Most of it is tribal too.