Hoagy62,
Anyone who knows how to push buttons on the front panel of an EAS unit or can access it over the management network (or with a laptop) can trigger a test. Monthly tests are required. Any tech who works at a cable headend can trigger the test. However, the designated primary station in each state usually triggers the monthly test that everyone uses. Proof of monthly tests must be kept on file for inspection as part of semi-annual FCC system sweep documentation.
National tests are not the only alerts that are required to be configured. Each alert type is given a priority during initial configuration and can be changed at any time. National tests are always configured at the highest priority.
The EAS can be turned off by pulling the power cord out of the outlet to which it is connected (assuming it is AC powered, some telcos use DC)
SO...what you are saying is that if Obama should try something like martial law and taking over the airwaves or refusing to step down as President should he lose....the true patriots(FReepers and others) need to move immediately to take over every television station that we can?
(half joking)