Boehner apparently believed getting Keystone in the deal and making sure the payroll tax cuts weren't "paid for" by millionaire tax increases was delivering a victory to the Tea Party. He obviously took that deal to McConnell, got an agreement with Reid, and then discovered his sweeteners weren't enough for the Tea Party. The problem here seems to be that either Boehner is making deals he doesn't have the votes for, or the Tea Party caucus is telling Boehner to make deals and then getting pressured by their constituents and backing out of them. One of the two things is happening, probably some combination of the two.
But the next extension- in two months- will have to be paid for by new taxes. And the Tea Prty will be put in the position of saying ‘no’ then. Which won’t hold.
It’s the Senate- 3 Rs up for reelection this year blasted the House for turning down the two-month bill, only 9(IIRC) R Senators voted against it. Beside the RINO-Tea Party antipathy there’s institutional advantage to the Senate in manipulating Boehner’s caucus.