In “War and Remembrance” Pug was in command of the USS Northampton, which was design constrained by the treaty. Herman Wok went into some detail as to how the design was compromised by the artificial constraint. It’s been decades since I read it, so the details are foggy in my mind, but IIRC he covered the subject rather well, considering that it was a work of fiction. He’s written some damn fine works, “The Caine Mutiny” first and foremost to me.
The other problem was these cruisers is they were often attempting to occupy the same space as the superb Japanese Type 93 torpedo.