IMHO, one need not look past the preamble. The founders clearly stated that the document was intended for their posterity. One must go through some incredible contortions to argue that it does not refer to generations yet unborn.
The preamble does not enumerate any powers.
If the Constitution created a national government of limited, enumerated powers, and left all other powers reserved to the states, then it’s either explicitly enumerated among the powers of the national government, or it still belongs to the states.
I don’t see any way talking ourselves out of that is going to end well.