#1> no one may be deprived of life without due process of law guaranteed by the constitution. That makes it a federal issue, not a 10th issue.
#4> congress is given sole authority in Article 1 section 8 to set clear standards for measures such as legal terms. Again not a 10th issue.
I’ll get to the others when I’m not on my tablet.
And yet different states have different definitions of what constitutes "murder" and differing penalties. We don't have a federal law against murder, yet amazingly enough it's pretty rare.