In 1975 when I got my TSEC Security Clearance I was able to see the over 1” thick background file. It included not only every grade I ever had, but comments from every teacher all the way back to first grade.
So, the Government has has access to this info for a very long time.
Sh*t in, Sh*t out
A database is only as good as the information fed into it, assuming it is well normalized and tested.
Said info in most cases, especially that from 40 years ago, was never consistently documented. Even when recorded, no criterion presented to document with outside school systems, except at best broadly interpreted results, e.g. he/she retook 4th grade or flunked or passed a grade.
It does however touch upon personal information laws, which even the feds are required to report to Congress if maintained, then must be inspectable. As soon as the SSN is added as a field to the database, numerous laws and regulations may govern.
Major difference you applied for the security clearance, whereas this report is of general dossier tracking.
Not at the push of a button and not available to anyone with push without oversight.