The "Trail of Tears" various routes Circa 1838-1839
Posted on 04/13/2013 12:55:35 PM PDT by AuntB
Great read/info, thanks for the ping AuntB
A side note that came to mind I’d like to share.
Mentioned in the article is one John Adair “Jack” Bell, who led a somewhat ‘successful’ wagon train after removal. He was one of the signers of the Treaty of New Echota, who was marked for death by the John Ross faction. Ross’s own brother had also signed, but he was forgiven. So, this wagon train consisted of families in opposition to Ross, trying to survive assassination attempts and was the last detachment to leave.
Jack couldn’t leave Georgia until Ross and his henchmen were gone, because they would have been sitting ducks out in the wilderness, many on foot. And Ross just would not go! Finally, in late October, they were able to leave.
Here is a timeline of that trip.
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830.
1835 December 29 Treaty of New Echota for Cherokee removal west signed with
US government by members of Ridge Party.
1838 October, Ridge Party families of Bell, Adair, Lynch, and others
removed from their homes, entered at Ft.Cass, Tenn. for holding to
await removal to Indian Territory West.
1838 Nov.22, Bell Detachment arrives Memphis, TN. Buried 17 in Monroe County
1838 Dec.25, Bell Detachment ferries Point Remove Creek, N.E.of Little Rock.
1839 January 7, Bell Detachment arrives at Evansville, Ark. Completed 707
miles in 89 days
1839 June 22, Honey Creek, I.T, Major Ridge, son John Ridge and Elias
Boudinot assassinated
Jack Bell was an interesting man. He had been a guide and trader between Arkansas and the Cherokee nation in what is now NW Georgia. He was well educated and eloquent, as witnessed by the letter in the article. He made friends with the Army during the trade years and convinced them to let him guide the contingent instead of the Army, and to allow him to use trails he had scouted with some military routes. He also arranged to have household goods rafted down the mississippi, up the Arkansas, so they would have provisions when they arrived and not have items to be stolen. Hoodlums haunted some of the Cherokee contingents and stole from them often, until there was nothing left.
His was the shortest in miles of all the routes, with the fewest casualties. Bell had arranged all their supplies without John Ross’s supervision and sales from the Ross ‘mercantile’.
There was 8 years between Jackson signing the Indian Removal act and the departure of the Cherokee. Early in that period, the Indians were under constant attack, mostly through the courts and by the Georgia Militia trying to force them out of their homes. I’m not talking Teepees here. These were well appointed, often European designed, spacious homes on plantations.
Jack Bell was just one of the Cherokee the Georgia Militia jailed.
From the Book ‘Jesus Wept’ An American Story
Chapter 2 - Law, Law Understood, and Law Executed
President Jackson passed his Indian Removal act, settlers were moving into Cherokee homes and it became apparent to the sensible leaders of the Cherokee Nation that removal would happen. Their protests or their Supreme Court victories which stated the Cherokee Nation had all the rights of any state of the union and was by legal definition, sovereign, did not matter. Jackson’s position was that he would not enforce the ruling of the court to stop the incursion. Prominent Cherokees in the community were made examples of to further the ends of white settlement of the Cherokee homes.
An 1832 Edition of the Cherokee Phoenix Newspaper tells of the arrest of the twenty-six year old son of John Bell, Jr. and Charlotte Adair. He was also the grandson of John Bell, Scottish immigrant and his Cherokee wife.
“We understand on Wednesday morning Mr. John A. Bell of Coosewaytee was arrested by a detachment of the Georgia Guard. Mr. B. is a native. What the charge was we are unable to say; and in fact it is impossible to know, for these law officers go to work without a written precept.”
Subsequent issues of The Phoenix contain letters from other citizens stating that weeks later Bell and others had not been charged, but were still held in ‘custody’, not allowed representation or visitation. No ‘crime’ was necessary. The only prerequisite was having something the ‘powers that be’ of Georgia wanted or to be eloquent and brave enough to speak against them. Such treatment would explain why Cherokees like John Adair Bell signed the Treaty of New Echota in December of 1835 and voted to accept the offer by the U.S. Government to remove voluntarily beyond the Mississippi. To escape living with the daily persecution by the State of Georgia Militia and its citizens must have seemed logical. To them, it was a choice of having life and home somewhere with dignity or to lose it all......
Elias Boudinot, as Editor of The Cherokee Phoenix, which was published both in English and Cherokee and read in the East and Europe, captured the Cherokee situation in just a few words.
“Perhaps Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe were only tantalizing us when they encouraged us in the pursuit of agriculture and government. Why were we not told long ago that we could not be permitted to establish a government within the limits of any state? The Cherokees have always had a government of their own. Nothing, however, was said when we were governed by savage laws. Others say it is time for the Cherokees to submit to inevitable destiny.
What Destiny? To be slandered and then butchered? Yes, this is the bitter cup prepared for us by a republican and religious government. We shall drink it to the dregs.”
__________________________________
http://jesusweptanamericanstory.blogspot.com/
The "Trail of Tears" various routes Circa 1838-1839
No reason to post to you, just liked your handle
TEA party is not necessarily about immigration, although most members might agree with the immigration position.
I’m not sure what to think about this article, I don’t entirely agree or disagree.
“TEA party is not necessarily about immigration, although most members might agree with the immigration position.”
You’re right, the ‘tea party’ is not necessarily about immigration. It certainly is NOT about being hijacked by Norquist, Conda & other lobbyists to PROMOTE amnesty, is it?
“I’m not sure what to think about this article, I don’t entirely agree or disagree.”
It’s not an opinion piece, it’s a presentation of facts.
“You’re right, the ‘tea party’ is not necessarily about immigration. It certainly is NOT about being hijacked by Norquist, Conda & other lobbyists to PROMOTE amnesty, is it?”
I think if your neutral on an issue you tend not to care about the position of your political leaders on that issue.
This is the point of big government and why it is incomparable with democracy.
Every segment of the population has a diffrent view on different issues, and most segments care about one issue above all others, even as they might care about the other issues. Democracy forces us to abandon attention to the non-prime issues inorder to have things done right on the prime issues.
the result is a dysfunctional mess where politicians are free to act as they wish on 80% of matters which increasingly dictate our lives and upset us. Meanwhile as theses ‘other’ choices effect and indeed harm us people are forced to shift between issues affectingly getting nowhere.
Even if we could agree on how best to live our lives, we could not express that agreement in Washington on anything but a tiny few matters if that.
Excellent, AuntB, thank you for the ping!
This Conda Con man just gets worse and worse....check this out about the Sotomayer nomination. And this guy was a domestic advisor to Romney..we HAVE to admit that Romney was BS’ing us about any kind of enforcement. If he was president today, he’d be pushing the same amnesty, and Conda would be working in the White House!
The RNC is NEVER going to give us better candidates. THEY LIKE THE RINOS!!! Sad fact.
http://www.hispanicvista.com/HVC/Opinion/Guest_Columns/080509_Cesar_V_Conda.htm
Break With the Party, and Vote Yes
Cesar V. Conda
By Cesar V. Conda
Senate Republicans should not vote along party lines against Judge Sotomayor’s nomination. There is nothing in her record or sworn testimony that disqualifies her for the Supreme Court, and certainly nothing that would justify a party-line “no” vote from Senate Republicans.
We need to fix the G.O.P.’s Hispanic problem, or we could find ourselves on the losing end of future presidential elections.
Those who opposed her nomination used a few speeches and cases to paint her as an extreme judicial activist. While Judge Sotomayor is not a strict constructionist, her views are well within the judicial mainstream; in fact, some of her rulings are considered too conservative by some liberal lobbying groups.
Granted, many Republicans are legitimately concerned about judicial activism and upholding the rule of law. But let’s face it, elections have consequences, and Republicans did not win the White House. Did anyone expect President Obama to nominate another John Roberts or Samuel Alito or even an Anthony Kennedy? The Senate should confirm the president’s judicial nominees, unless there is something in their views or record that disqualifies them.
On the question of wooing Hispanics, tone matters in politics, and a Republican party-line vote against Judge Sotomayor could send a message that Hispanics aren’t welcome in our party. A 2007 Almanac of Latino Politics poll found that more Hispanics than the electorate as whole identified themselves as conservatives. But we lost their vote in the 2008 presidential election by a more than 2 to 1 margin.
We need to fix our party’s Hispanic problem, or we could find ourselves on the losing end of presidential elections for the foreseeable future. A party-line, or near party-line, vote against the first Latina Supreme Court nominee won’t help the G.O.P.’s image among Hispanic voters.
Cesar V. Conda was the domestic policy assistant to Vice President Dick Cheney from 2001 to 2003. He was also a policy adviser to Mitt Romney’s 2008 presidential campaign.
People have asked why isn’t the birthright citizenship (anchor baby) problem addressed in ‘immigration reform’....
Here’s why...Marco’s chief of staff LIKES IT!
Birthright Citizenship and Abortion
By Cesar Conda
August 4, 2010 11:37 A.M.
As a pro-immigration conservative (yes, I know, we could fit in a phone booth), I am opposed to Sen. Lindsey Graham’s (R., S.C.) proposal to end birthright citizenship for babies who, through no fault of their own, are born in this country to illegal immigrants. Innocent children shouldn’t be held responsible for the sins of their parents.
In terms of why not amend the Constitution: The Fourteenth Amendment rejected the idea that someone could be a person but less than a person legally, as well as the idea that citizenship can be made dependent on race. It is of enormous symbolic importance. There is no data supporting the claim that significant numbers of women deliberately cross the border to give birth in the United States in order to take advantage of this provision.[AuntB: OMG, what a LIAR!]
Further, the Republican party would be committing political suicide if it were to endorse ending birthright citizenship, as it would cost the party Latino votes, which are crucial in Florida and in several Western states. It could also hurt the GOP’s prospects in the upcoming mid-term election by diverting attention from the Democrats’ record of over-spending, over-taxing, and exploding the national debt. Given inexorable demographic trends, the GOP could be rendered politically irrelevant, certainly at the presidential level, for generations.
But wearing my other hat as the co-chair of the Susan B. Anthony List’s executive committee (though speaking strictly for myself), my biggest fear is that Graham’s proposal, if enacted by constitutional amendment or by statute, will lead to more abortions: Undocumented immigrants with unplanned pregnancies might choose to have abortions instead of risking apprehension by the police or government immigration agents (not to mention possible deportation down the line) at the hospital maternity ward. Some women terminate their pregnancies for less serious and sometimes superficial reasons. It also might encourage women to have unsafe births outside of a hospital setting.
[AuntB: There he goes..tossing you that conservative bone of being anti abortion!! Don’t fall for it!]
Senator Graham’s plan to end birthright citizenship is not only substantively and politically flawed, but it undermines a bedrock principle of modern conservatism — preserving the sanctity of life. Republicans and conservatives ought to think long and hard before embracing such a controversial proposal.
– Cesar Conda, formerly assistant for domestic policy to Vice President Dick Cheney, is co-chair of the Susan B. Anthony List’s executive committee.
http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/242470/birthright-citizenship-and-abortion-cesar-conda
Sounds like he is more HISPANIC than AMERICAN!!!! And a WHORE for SALE!!
The correct term for a false leader like this who is recruited by the People's enemies is a "Judas horse". In 2011, the people behind Rubio recruited several "Judas horse" candidates into the GOP primary, to dissipate the already shallow pool of political money available to candidates who would challenge Establishment creatures.
Who is really behind Marco Rubio, and what do they want? The Tea Party citizens thought it was them!!! He talked the talk, and fooled us all.
'Fraid so. Now we've another barnacle to hive off and primary out of public life.
This is such horse manure! James Carville must be killing himself laughing, every time he sees some self-serving b.s. like this coming out of RiNO central.
All the RiNO's care about is breaking wages, breaking the ability of low-end employees to move up. They want to overload the labor markets at every point on the skills spectrum, in order to burden people's ability to negotiate comp.
That they're giving the White House to the Democrats for the next 100 years, or 200, or even giving away the country to total strangers, foreigners, is a matter of zero concern to them, apparently.
They seem to be waging war on patriotism as zealously as the Democrats, just for slightly different reasons. The People are the problem .... so, stuff the ballot cans with tons of illegal votes, and carry on as usual in Washington!
“Further, the Republican party would be committing political suicide if it were to endorse ending birthright citizenship, as it would cost the party Latino votes....
This is such horse manure! James Carville must be killing himself laughing, every time he sees some self-serving b.s. like this coming out of RiNO central.
All the RiNO’s care about is breaking wages, breaking the ability of low-end employees to move up. They want to overload the labor markets at every point on the skills spectrum, in order to burden people’s ability to negotiate comp.
That they’re giving the White House to the Democrats for the next 100 years, or 200, or even giving away the country to total strangers, foreigners, is a matter of zero concern to them, apparently.
They seem to be waging war on patriotism as zealously as the Democrats, just for slightly different reasons. The People are the problem .... so, stuff the ballot cans with tons of illegal votes, and carry on as usual in Washington!”
________________
You’re right.
At some point, we have to face the horrid fact that we have been used and expose these corrupt LOBBYISTS. They own the politicians. I swear, when Norquist gets all of them to sign his ‘pledge’ he gets dirty pics of all of them to use later to get them to do his bidding.
IIRC, Allen West refused to sign Norquists little oath and he’s OUT.
When I wrote that, I'd seen a photo of Rubio on Time Mag. that said,"The Republican Savior", then decided not to post the photo. Here it is.
Reminds me of McCain...the left media always liked him too!
http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,20130218,00.html
How 'bout it folks, does Rubio speak for YOU???
Continued from post 42
:
Jack Bell had a son he named Lucien Burr Bell. He was raised on Jack’s plantation Community in Rusk County, Texas, that he named Mt. Tabor. Lucien became known in Indian Territory as Cousin Hooley Bell.
From the book, Jesus Wept, An American Story
Chapter 15 - The Inevitable - Fall 1866, Washington D.C.
The Southern Cherokee delegates selected to testify before Congress were crowded into a small room in the the United States Capitol, waiting their turn to attempt some salvage of what was left of their nation after the Civil War. No group sacrificed more blood or wealth.....
The words of John Adair Bell, written to the United States Secretary of War in 1839, pleading for relief from John Ross’s power and deceit were as relevant these decades later. On this day, it was their children pleading the same case. Their petition for protection from the Pins, and for representation in their government and determination of their own destiny had not changed.
“Whereas, on the 22nd day of June last, our three distinguished friends, Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot, were cruelly and inhumanly assassinated, and , as we are informed and really believe, by an order of the partisans of John Ross, in consequence of the deceased having signed the treaty of December 29, 1835.
And whereas, since that time the state of anarchy and confusion in the country has been intolerable; and the decree passed by the partisans of John Ross, as well as many of their friends are in imminent danger of secret and cowardly assassination.
And whereas, a civil war is seriously deprecated, inasmuch as it would tend to the total destruction of our nation:
Be it therefore, Resolved, That we regard the recent conduct of the partisans of Ross, in the murder of the deceased, in the decree passed relative to the signers of the treaty and their friends deserve the reprobation of all mankind, and meriting the severest punishment.
That we believe it to be right that we should appeal to the Government of the United States for the punishment of the murderers of the deceased Ridges and Boudinot, and for justice and protection for ourselves and families. For that purpose we will send a delegation of two, viz: John A. Bell and Stand Watie to Washington City, in order to lay our grievances before the Secretary of war.
The treaty party deny that they have committed any acts deserving of punishment.....But they acknowledge not the power or mobocracy of John Ross or his constituted authorities. They will never submit to his authority or dictation.”
Hooley Bell, Dartmouth educated son of John Adair Bell, was being sworn in at the hearing to be questioned by the Congressional panel.
“Please state your name!” ordered the chairman of the solemn assembly.
“Captain Lucien Burr Bell, Sir,” answered Bell loudly, saluting the august committee. “People who know me call me Hooley. That’s Cherokee for Bell.”
“What is your trade, calling, or occupation?” the chairman demanded.
Bell replied, “Various things. I practice law a little......farm some......run for office occasionally. Now and then, take a hand at poker and never miss a horse race, if I get to it.”
He paused a moment, cleared his throat as his eyes surveyed the room.
“The rest of the time I spend in trying to fool God like you white folks do.”
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
And now this ‘savage’ is taking a break.
Be well, Freeperville.
Reliable as always: The cover of TIME, the mark of Cain!
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