I’ve read of once case where a cop shot a guy wearing a heavy leather jacket. The leather filled in the hollow point and the .45 JHP performed as a .45 FMJ.
In another case the cop was using a .45 and shooting through the car door. The .45 acp didn’t perform very well through the metal.
Yet another case where the cop was shooting at the driver who was still in the car. The 9mm broke the cars windshield but did not penetrate it.
Only point is that it depends on the situation. For me a .40 or .45 acp is what I would carry.
He took out a 9mm, handed it to me, and told me to shoot a glass bottle at about 10 feet. I had that thing dancing all over, never broke it.
Then it took his 1911, and shattered a new bottle with one shot.
“Surface area beats speed”. Never forgot that.