Why? If students from "poor homes or tough neighborhoods" don't have the academic qualifications for a particular college, their results are going to be no better than those of students placed above their level by racial preference.
If the author is talking about need-based financial aid, she needed to have specified that.
Why? If students from “poor homes or tough neighborhoods” don’t have the academic qualifications for a particular college, their results are going to be no better than those of students placed above their level by racial preference.
Unlike simply having dark skin, for those students, their grades and test scores underpredict their future performance.