Actually it is not 30 odd 6, it is 30 ought 6. Ought being the way, back in the day, of saying zero. There fore the .30-06, meant a 30 caliber made in 1906, or 19Ought6.Taught to me back in the day by my mother who used the term ought right up until the day she died. You are correct is finding it odd that the guy lived for a while after being shot twice with one.
Correction on my last comment Ought should be spelled aught. Senior moment I guess:)