The Report from Iron Mountain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Report_from_Iron_Mountain
I read that book when it first came out. It was loaned to me by an employee of a government agency which I won't name. He wondered if I knew anything about the project that allegedly gave rise to it.
It was obvious to me that the whole thing was either a spoof, or it was a clever attempt to put across a false view of the effects of government spending. As a practicing operations analyst I knew that the kind of computer model they described was impossible at that time (it still is). As a writer of science fiction, I also recognized some literary ploys in the book that convinced me it was fiction.
I was not at all surprised when the author later admitted that it was fiction. What did surprise me was how many people were taken in by it.
Years later I was a visiting professor at a university in Istanbul. My office-mate was another American who taught International Engineering Law. One of her students listed the book as a reference in a paper he wrote for her class. I had to bring the bad news that the book was a fake. I'm not sure the student ever accepted that.