Non of the reasons enumerated in the Constitution cover tortoises. The 600,000 acres in question is arid semi desert which has no other use except marginal grazing. No where in the constitution does it say the US govt can retain 80%-90% of the land of any state.
This whole thing is not about grazing rights its about states rights and in the larger picture Agenda 21. Taking back rights that have been either given away or allowed to be taken away is messy.
Bundy not paying his grazing fees has nothing to do with tortoises.
Yes it is usable for grazing and the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 establishes the fees and means of collecting those fees for the ranchers that want to graze on US Government land.
There is nothing in the Constitution about limiting the governments ownership at all.
What states rights. The State Constitution of Nevada specifically states that they have no claim on that land. How can there be any states rights in this case?