[doorgunner69]

Don't they call that a sky hook or similar when the plane gets snagged while barely airborne and slammed back to the deck? Maybe he tried for the go around a bit too soon before the last wire?

That MiG looks to be carrying a couple of cruise missiles with under fuselage intakes. Dunno what the big centerline package is.

[BenLurkin]

Those are some big air intakes. I wonder what it looks like on radar.

[sukhoi-30mki]

Fuel tank. You will have no range without it.

[Greysard]

Dunno what the big centerline package is.

Could be a standardized pod for various payloads - from an extra fuel tank to a SIGINT/ELINT machinery. Wikipedia explains:

The types of combat missions undertaken by the MiG-29K can be increased by adding optronic/infrared imaging reconnaissance pods.