Here is your example from 1954.
“On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation of public schools was unconstitutional in the United States. That ruling would focus the spotlight of national attention in the United States upon the Arkansas National Guard and the Integration of Central High School. The Arkansas National Guard was drawn into the conflict when Governor Orval Faubus ordered them to “Preserve the Peace” by turning away the black students who were attempting to integrate into Little Rock’s Central High School. President Dwight D. Eisenhower reacted to this use of the Guard to foil the court-ordered integration by federalizing the entire Arkansas National Guard and using it to protect the nine black students integrating Central High School.”
The actual Arkansas Guard events happened in 1957.
“By order of the president, the National Guard was thus directed to support the integration rather than block it as the units had been before. On the 24th [1957], elements of the 101st Airborne Division began arriving at Little Rock to provide additional support and took up positions around Central High.”
Eisenhower also deployed the 101st Airborne to Little Rock with bayonets drawn to “adjust the attitudes” of the Arkansas National Guard and the white citizens of Little Rock.
Yes, but the law has changed since then. Faubus was “preserving the peace.” In this case, it appears that the governor can act “in response to natural or man-made disasters or Homeland Defense missions.” This is clearly a Homeland Defense mission. I don’t think this has ever been tested. It almost looks like the case can be made that they are under command and control of the governor in that circumstance.