A biologist or chemist has no technical basis for understanding that issue. Hence they are as dependent upon authority as anyone else. That is more a k-12 and lower division undergrad problem than it is a creature of graduate education.
When you are allowed to google answers, education does not take place.
Nonsense. Once one has access to data, qualification then depends upon what one can do with what one finds. With more information available, one has the option of asking questions that rely more upon synthetic ability to stitch facts into useful applications, which then demands full comprehension of said supporting analytical facts. Where do you get these blandishments?
Maybe we are just talking past each other here. Lets start over. I think that when people are asked a question about which you have no prior knowledge and you simply look up the answer, then yes, you have answered the question.
Now if you are hired to do a job, lets say something neutral here; Welding titanium, and you know, thanks to your lookup that it requires special care/inert environments to avoid crystallization during the welding process, but you don’t know WHY...then you really don’t know anything at all and are guaranteed to hose the part if you try welding it without a lot more actual knowledge.
Would you agree or disagree..