When everyone has the same name, governments can’t track them. That’s how the illegal aliens in the border states get to vote in U.S. elections. Check out the San Antonio or Houston phone books for “Juan Garcia.” and “Maria Garza.”
You are very correct. Arabic does not translate into other languages, so you can either translate the sound of the name or what the name means, but then you get two different "names."
When I was in Iraq, I was on a committee to vet former officers from the Saddam regime. We had a devil of a time ensuring that the name on the investigation was really about the officer we were vetting.