It’s not unheard of for a ship to be renamed during construction. Happened many times during WW2 when a name became ‘available’ after a sinking. But after a ship has been christened? I’m not aware of an example.
The Navy has renamed ships so that a name could be used on newer vessels.
For example renaming an old battleship so that the name could be applied to a new one. Illinois was renamed Prairie State so that Illinois could be used for planned new construction.