The latter.
Barnaby Joyce's father, James Joyce, migrated to Australia from New Zealand in 1947. The concept of New Zealand citizenship did not exist until 1949 - at the time of his migration to Australia, James Joyce was simply a British subject, not a New Zealand citizen.
January 1949 for NZ citizenship ...yes
I was born a British subject in Dec 1948 but registered a month later as a New Zealander...
I don’t know whether that was because we lived in a little town miles from anywhere and they had run out of British forms and were sent the new NZ ones instead, or because the gov offices were closed over Christmas or because my parents wanted at least one New Zealand child...is that like an anchor baby ???
Anyhoo when I applied for a passport when I was 21 I was told I could have a British one but I opted for the NZ...my Mum wasn’t big on “Pommies”
With the British one I could have come and gone from England no problem...I was a citizen...as it is they see I was born in New Zealand and I’m in..
:)
about the father being born in NZ I don’t think it would have been a problem back then...something has changed since...
we could go back and forth NZ to Aust Aust to NZ without a visa and work etc just like going to another state here...
as for that British subject thingy it shouldn’t have mattered...youd think he wouldn’t have be automatically grandfathered into NZ citizenship in 1949... I wasn’t...it was a decision of my parents to wait for some reason...my birthdate was still recognized as making me British and not NZ...
Note: this is NOT like Ted Cruz’s situation...