Depends on the state.
In Cal they track where the ticket was sold and see if there is video of the purchaser. If the person is different than the one who turns the ticket in, they try to establish a link between the two.
All this can be done without revealing the persons name to the public. Found this online:”Some are required to publicly identify winners while others are not. For example, in California, where a winner has yet to come forward to claim a Powerball ticket worth $2.04 billion sold in November, disclosure laws require the California Lottery to share the winner’s full name and where they bought the ticket Jan 7, 2023”
A potential setup for kidnapping or blackmail courtesy of the almighty state.