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The Air Marshal Arts: Dress to Kill, and Keep the Eyes in the Back of Your Head Open
NY Times ^ | 5-25-02 | MATTHEW L. WALD

Posted on 05/25/2002 8:29:48 AM PDT by Pharmboy

EGG HARBOR, N.J. — "I want another drink," complained the impatient man in an aisle seat in the fourth row of the jet's first-class cabin, addressing a flight attendant.

"Come on, wench," he said, growing louder. "I told you I want one every five minutes."

In this drill, in a fuselage that has a working intercom and emergency slides but no longer flies, several air marshals were aboard. But only one stepped forward to identify himself and confront the man. The others did not give up their cover, in case it was a diversion intended to draw them out. But the one had no trouble.

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"Get out of my face," said the unruly passenger, but about a second after that, the marshal yanked the man from his seat by the head and shoved his face to the aisle floor. Gripping the man's head between his knees, the marshal cuffed his hands behind his back and then showed the procedure for subduing the man in a seat, reassuring other passengers that the situation was under control.

The passengers would have remained calm anyway, being dummies. They looked real except that each was cut off at midthigh so the torso would be in the proper position when propped up on the seat. A few had bullet holes from previous drills.

On the runway at the Atlantic City airport, next to the Federal Aviation Administration's research and development headquarters, a crew of air marshals recently showed off their training and a hint of tactics for reporters. In one drill, a man playing a terrorist appeared from the front with a knife and was brought down by two marshals firing rounds akin to paintballs. In another drill, in a "shoot house" where visitors could observe from a bulletproof balcony, three marshals fired semiautomatic pistols, Sig Sauer 229's loaded with .357-caliber rounds, to bring down three hijackers. There is a protocol, firing bullets in sets of three.

"Two to the chest, one upstairs; two to the chest, one upstairs," said Brad Delauter, a senior instructor. The marshals are supposed to be able to fire three shots in 6 seconds; in 15 seconds they are supposed to fire three, reload and fire another three. Their guns, Swiss-designed and German-built, hold 13 rounds but in training are loaded with 3 to require frequent reloading. Following a strict script, a marshal who must reload tells his partners to cover him, then announces when he is done.

They train to shoot while seated, to stand and shoot, to kneel and shoot, to shoot from around bulkheads, to pirouette and shoot behind them, to "check their six," or ascertain that when there is a disturbance in front of them there is not something else going on behind them.

"I got a Tango," one shouted, using police slang for terrorist, after bringing down a comrade playing the role.

Protocol includes a scripted message to the captain, spoken on the plane's phone or shouted through the door, that there has been an "incident" and that the cockpit is secure.

Posters at the shooting range remind the marshals of the proper terminology and give instructions. One reads, "Dominate + Intimidate = Control."

The training does not include instruction on how to fly planes, but marshals are given "cockpit familiarization," including how to use the radios, and the location of such critical controls as the lever that lowers the landing gear. The idea is that if the cockpit crew were disabled or dead, they could get instructions from the ground on how to land.

Another part of the training is how to find a bomb in carry-on baggage while the plane is in flight, and where in the passenger cabin to put it to reduce the chance that it will make the plane crash.

They train around the country, but the headquarters is here, adjacent to the research headquarters. In an operations center, a room crammed with new computers and the cardboard cartons they came in, staff members deploy agents the way a good travel agent might route travelers, avoiding the airports where a snowstorm is likely to tie up traffic, or some other problem is likely to cause flight delays.

Air marshals do not do much good on the ground, officials say, though they will not talk about how many there are or how many flights they are on. The marshals are not believed to have foiled any hijackings, either before Sept. 11, when only a handful were flying, or since, but they have restrained some unruly passengers. Their function is to deter, which is difficult to measure.

"You don't immediately know what you have and haven't foiled," said Gregory M. McLaughlin, deputy director of the Federal Air Marshals.

Because they work undercover, the marshals are guarded about their identities and details of their procedures. They joke about the more mundane difficulties of their jobs: perennially dry skin from flying so much, and a steady diet of airline food. One said he carries a bag of bananas so he can turn down airline meals.

They also joke about a new pastime among passengers, which they call Make the Marshal. Mr. McLaughlin said a woman seated next to him on one flight struck up a conversation and then, looking all around but not at him, said, "I wonder who the marshals are on this flight." He joined her in looking.

"On a New York-to-Washington flight, you look like a New York-to-Washington businessman," he said. "If you're going to Hawaii, you look like you're going on vacation."


TOPICS: Crime/Corruption; Culture/Society; Foreign Affairs; Government; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: airmarshalls; homelanddefense; terrorism
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In another drill, in a "shoot house" where visitors could observe from a bulletproof balcony, three marshals fired semiautomatic pistols, Sig Sauer 229's loaded with .357-caliber rounds, to bring down three hijackers. There is a protocol, firing bullets in sets of three.

"Two to the chest, one upstairs; two to the chest, one upstairs," said Brad Delauter, a senior instructor. The marshals are supposed to be able to fire three shots in 6 seconds; in 15 seconds they are supposed to fire three, reload and fire another three. Their guns, Swiss-designed and German-built, hold 13 rounds but in training are loaded with 3 to require frequent reloading.

I always thought it was one and one, not two and then one. Why two to the chest? More likely immediate stopping power? Any pros out there with an answer? Thanks in advance.

1 posted on 05/25/2002 8:29:48 AM PDT by Pharmboy
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To: Pharmboy
The chest IS a much easier target, of a moving target... the final "head" shot is the certain, "permanent" shot we all would prefer to see... versus the lengthy court drama of the poor, misguided terrorists.
2 posted on 05/25/2002 8:41:38 AM PDT by Terridan
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To: Pharmboy
The two to the chest, one to the head is called a Mozambique drill. It's supposed to simulate a course of action for a target wearing body armor.
3 posted on 05/25/2002 8:53:13 AM PDT by cryptical
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To: Pharmboy
In the sake of diversity I hope they include Americans and legal immigrants in these drills. We need a diverse group to represent America including armed arab sky marshalls. /humor
4 posted on 05/25/2002 8:54:23 AM PDT by Bogey78O
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To: cryptical; Terridan
A Mozambique Drill. Nice. Thanks for the info guys.
5 posted on 05/25/2002 9:09:36 AM PDT by Pharmboy
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To: Pharmboy
"Another part of the training is how to find a bomb in carry-on baggage while the plane is in flight, and where in the passenger cabin to put it to reduce the chance that it will make the plane crash."
  Just a thought, but why can't planes have some sort of chamber area in the bottom of the plane, with an bottom exterior door, and an interior door, that a suspected bomb can be placed in, the interior door closed, and the bottom door opened to release the 'bomb' outside the plane? No loss of cabin pressure that way and bomb-b-gone.
6 posted on 05/25/2002 9:11:24 AM PDT by Still Using Air
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To: Still Using Air
"No loss of cabin pressure that way and bomb-b-gone."

Citizens living below and on the flight path might not appreciate the gift.

--Boris

7 posted on 05/25/2002 9:19:31 AM PDT by boris
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To: Still Using Air
I've wondered the same thing--useful for would-be terrorists too. Not being an aero-engineer, I haven't worked out the details of opening and closing the lower hatch. I would think the wind turbulence would make it difficult to purge the compartment if it opens to the bottom of the plane. You wouldn't want a "blow-off" type hatch. Might need it for multiple uses. I am thinking more in the line of a compartment that opens to the back. Kind of a mini version of military cargo plane openings. Hang a small drogue chute on the offending cargo/terrorist and let the wind do the rest.
8 posted on 05/25/2002 9:32:05 AM PDT by NerdDad
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To: boris
OK. Simply include a detonating device with the 'parcel', drop it by 'chute, and detonate it somewhere between the plane and the ground? That really doesn't so so hard, does it?
9 posted on 05/25/2002 9:32:49 AM PDT by Still Using Air
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To: Still Using Air
heh... but then again, you'd have a bomb on board at all times.
10 posted on 05/25/2002 9:33:31 AM PDT by Still Using Air
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To: Still Using Air
Just a thought, but why can't planes have some sort of chamber area in the bottom of the plane, with an bottom exterior door, and an interior door, that a suspected bomb can be placed in, the interior door closed, and the bottom door opened to release the 'bomb' outside the plane? No loss of cabin pressure that way and bomb-b-gone.

Well… the first thing that jumps into my mind is the fact that this would admit the existence of threats beyond the control of the all knowing all seeing guberment who wants to take away your rights in the name of safety.

Who appoints the former head of the notoriously anti-gun BATF to the TSA and then axes the pilots from carrying guns on the flightdeck and tells us that only guberment can carry on a plane.

Besides, there’s no need for this type of device on a plane… those professional federalized security screeners will catch them all well before they make it aboard. The guberment said so…

TMMT

11 posted on 05/25/2002 9:38:40 AM PDT by The Magical Mischief Tour
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To: Pharmboy
This seems like such a waste of time and money. After all --- how could anyone get past the new "Federalized" Security?

I FEEL SAFER NOW

WHAT - NO BAR-B-QUE CHIPS

12 posted on 05/25/2002 9:39:47 AM PDT by stlrocket
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To: Pharmboy
Was taught this procedure in USAF security training. First shots are to the body mass for stopping/slowing, and because the body is easier to hit. Head shot is the sure-kill in case the assailant is wearing a vest. Even with the vest, two shots to the chest is going to knock them down, make the head easier to hit. I have no doubt we have some folks on FR who can/will provide first hand accounts of the value and limitations of vests in this regard.
13 posted on 05/25/2002 9:40:45 AM PDT by NerdDad
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To: Still Using Air
Can you say "pressure-activated trigger" ?? Pressure drops, goes off immediately ? Lots of fuel tanks on the bellies of aircraft. . .
14 posted on 05/25/2002 10:35:40 AM PDT by Salgak
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To: Still Using Air
heh... but then again, you'd have a bomb on board at all times.

The probablility of a bomb being on board a plane is, say, twenty thousand to one.

Then, the probability of having two bombs on the plane would be four hundred million to one.

Therefore, you should always make sure there's a bomb on the plane.

15 posted on 05/25/2002 10:52:16 AM PDT by Erasmus
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To: Pharmboy
Dominate + Intimidate = Control

Pretty much describes the federal government in a nutshell.

16 posted on 05/25/2002 11:53:30 AM PDT by gunnut
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To: NerdDad
I've wondered the same thing--useful for would-be terrorists too. Not being an aero-engineer, I haven't worked out the details of opening and closing the lower hatch. I would think the wind turbulence would make it difficult to purge the compartment if it opens to the bottom of the plane. You wouldn't want a "blow-off" type hatch. Might need it for multiple uses. I am thinking more in the line of a compartment that opens to the back. Kind of a mini version of military cargo plane openings. Hang a small drogue chute on the offending cargo/terrorist and let the wind do the rest.

Interesting... But simpler still would be a compartment that's heavily reinforced on all sides except the outer skin, so that the blast would become a shaped charge that only blows away that weaker portion of the outer skin. It'd be cheaper - fewer moving parts - but still safer than finding the least-bad part of the passenger cabin in which to have the bomb go off.

17 posted on 05/25/2002 12:05:31 PM PDT by jennyp
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To: Pharmboy
When my Sherriff buddy taught me to shoot his Beretta his pattern was one to the head two to the body. Kind of a triangular pattern. Nice gun too.
18 posted on 05/25/2002 12:29:43 PM PDT by CARepubGal
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To: Bogey78O
They looked real except that each was cut off at midthigh so the torso would be in the proper position when propped up on the seat.

Finally solved the leg room problem, I see.

Mrs VS

19 posted on 05/25/2002 1:29:53 PM PDT by VeritatisSplendor
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To: VeritatisSplendor
"Finally solved the leg room problem, I see."

In a thousand years, they will dig up an airliner and conclude that we were all four feet tall.

--Boris

20 posted on 05/25/2002 4:39:54 PM PDT by boris
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