[Antoninus]

The Eastern Christians actually had a seperation of church and state but they never called it that. I think the term the Orthodox use is a "symphonic relationship". The Byzantine and Russian emperors were not heads of the church but rather protectors. This is the model that later Protestant monarchs adopted.

You're out of your mind. The East is where the term Caesaropapism came from. The Emperor replaced patriarchs pretty much at will, and even Popes when his agents could reach them. Meanwhile, the Western model had the monarchs as protectors of the Church--especially the French kings. You've got it exactly backwards.

[Destro]

Your a little out of your league--The Emperor replaced Patriarchs -- he did not serve as one-Constatnine did not set rules--he called a council of Bishops to do it- The Pope WAS king of the Papal states AND reserved the right to depose of Latin Catholic Kings at will. And I said the Protestants later on went to emulate the Byzantine model.