c#2
Posted on 07/31/2003 5:54:03 PM PDT by Brian S
BY JONATHAN TILOVE c.2003 Newhouse News Service
WASHINGTON -- Americans in ever-larger numbers are leaving most of the states that are premier destinations for immigrants and moving to Southeastern and Western states that are home to most of the white population growth in the nation, according to the first migration analysis of the 2000 census.
The pattern gathered substantial force in the 1990s and offers a revealing look at how the interplay of another decade of record immigration and the growing lure of a baker's dozen of fast-growing states with suburban appeal are transforming the nation's demographic landscape, according to William Frey, one of the country's leading demographers and an expert on migration.
Frey, of the Brookings Institution and the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan, sees the growth augmenting the development of what he describes as Three Americas, each with distinctly different racial and ethnic profiles. There is the intensely diverse and changing Melting Pot where most immigrants arrive and live; the booming New Sunbelt states of the Southeast and non-California West; and the whiter, older, slower-growing Heartland states, mostly in the Midwest, New England and parts of the South.
Among Frey's findings:
-- Both immigration to the Melting Pot and the exodus to the New Sunbelt rose sharply in the 1990s, leaving the Melting Pot less than 57 percent white. The four states -- New York, California, New Jersey and Illinois -- that lost the most domestic migrants to other states were also four of the six states where two-thirds of the nation's foreign-born reside. Altogether, between 1995 and 2000, those four states gained 2.7 million new arrivals from abroad even as they suffered a net loss of some 2 million residents to other states, with many earlier immigrants now joining the out-migration.
-- Ten of the 12 states gaining the most people moving from other states were in the New Sunbelt: Georgia, North Carolina, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, Oregon and Washington. Altogether, the New Sunbelt's 13 states -- which also include Delaware, Utah and Idaho -- are a fifth of the U.S. population, accounting for 79 percent of the total growth of the nation's white population in the 1990s. But the New Sunbelt was also growing even faster in the 1990s than the previous decade because for the first time it received large numbers of immigrants, directly from abroad or after sojourns in the Melting Pot.
-- More than a quarter of all new arrivals to the New Sunbelt from 1995 to 2000 were Hispanic. Nearly 60 percent of the Hispanic adults coming to the New Sunbelt had less than a high school education, compared to 10 percent of the combined white, Asian and black newcomers to the region.
-- While fewer residents were leaving the Heartland than in the 1980s, it was still losing some of its best-educated people to the Melting Pot and New Sunbelt. However, with uncanny symmetry, they were being replaced, nearly one for one, by a growing number of immigrants, who were much more likely to be white or Asian and better-educated than those moving to the other two Americas.
-- The migration south of blacks -- the group most evenly distributed across the Three Americas -- crossed a threshold in the 1990s. For the first time, the South was the only region gaining blacks through domestic migration. Reversing the Great Northern Migration, blacks were leaving New York, California, Illinois, Washington, D.C., New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, for Florida, Virginia, the Carolinas, Texas, Tennessee, Alabama and most especially, by a far margin, Georgia. But they were still not headed back to Louisiana or Mississippi.
Frey's findings are based on an analysis of data from a 1 percent sample of the 2000 Census that the Census Bureau finished releasing in June. The bureau is scheduled to issue its own report next week. The migration data comes from a question on the census which asks residents where they were living five years ago. The data therefore, can only paint a portrait of the last half of the decade, in this case the years 1995 to 2000.
Frey found, as he did in an analysis 10 years ago for Newhouse News Service of 1990 Census data, that people from major urban immigrant hubs were increasingly following their suburban dream not just a few miles but across state and regional lines.
"Instead of moving from New York City to Scarsdale, you now see people moving from suburban New Jersey to Cary, N.C.," said Frey, referring to the one-time small town, bursting with transplants drawn to North Carolina's Research Triangle, that now has a population of more than 100,000. North Carolina's biggest gain in the last half of the 1990s came from people leaving New York, Florida, California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Ohio.
"These growing, suburban-like New Sunbelt states have high amenities, a relatively low cost of living, people can have a lot of space and live a suburban lifestyle in the classic 1950s sense where they can't in the now overly congested, expensive suburbs in and around Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York and other highly urbanized states," said Frey.
Under-girding America's changing demography in the 1990s was a decade of record immigration. According to the Urban Institute, a research organization considered to have the best estimate, more than 13 million immigrants arrived in the United States in the 1990s.
However, the big immigration news of the 1990s was the dispersion of immigration to places across the map that had little experience with it in the past. Where nearly two-thirds of all immigrants came to the "big six" states -- New York, California, Texas, Florida, Illinois and New Jersey -- in the 1980s, only 55 percent entered through those states in the 1990s.
But even as the traditional ports of entry were getting a smaller share of immigrants entering the country, they were still getting more immigrants than ever before.
In New Jersey, immigration was 50 percent higher the last half of the 1990s than it was the last half of the 1980s. In Illinois it spiked 80 percent. While Florida was once again the prime destination for domestic movers, for the first time in the 1990s it was equally an immigration destination. Texas gained five times as much population from immigration as domestic migration.
And the racial and ethnic transformation of the Melting Pot was further accelerated by the profile of those leaving those states. In New Jersey, 84 percent of its net population loss to other states was white and in Illinois, 71 percent. For New York, which for the second decade lost more population from out-migration than it gained from immigration, the figure was 58 percent.
For California, the large net losses to other states were something new,and the state was losing even more Hispanics than whites. But the immigration numbers were still so much larger, and so much less white, that the net effect of all the moving in and out of California in the 1990s was to expedite the transformation of a state that in 1980 was two-thirds white but by 2000 was only 47 percent white.
The real meaning of these new migration numbers for California, said Frey, is that it is a state whose fate hinges more than ever on the newest immigrants.
"At this point, California is hemorrhaging almost all population groups except for new immigrants," said Frey.
And an examination of who was leaving California suggests that in the case of the Hispanic exodus, it was often less a story of up and out than down and out.
For example, North Carolina gained more Hispanics from California than from any other state, and two-thirds of the adults among the Hispanics moving from California to North Carolina did not have a high school education.
Meanwhile, the Heartland, which received two-thirds more immigrants from 1995-2000 than it did a decade earlier, attracted an immigrant population that tended to be more white or Asian -- 57 percent, compared to 43 percent of the immigrants to the New Sunbelt and 42 percent to the Melting Pot. They also were more likely to be college graduates -- 40 percent as compared to 32 percent (Melting Pot) and 31 percent (New Sunbelt).
The Heartland lost only half as many movers to other states as it did in the 1980s. But it was still losing college graduates, although at precisely the pace it was gaining immigrants with college degrees.
Altogether, Frey said, the Heartland remained least touched by change, still 81 percent white in 2000 -- whiter than the United States was as a whole in 1980.
"A lot about America's past resides in the Heartland," said Frey.
July 30, 2003
Sweet! Good news for UGA. Go Dawgs!!
One black conservative group that I highly recommend checking out is L.E.A.R.N. at http://www.blackgenocide.org.
Did I hear you say that all you nice people were planning to vote Republican? Why sit right down. Can I get you a glass of ice tea?
(1) Jupiter Island, Florida
(2) Aspen, Colorado
(3) Sea Island, Georgia
(4) Palm Beach, Florida.
c#2
Isn't that nice......population migratory patterns for the various 'sects' that make up the United States.
This happened in Boston the 70's. Everyone fled the city and headed for the suburbs.
JUPITER ISLAND, FLORIDA
ASPEN, COLORADO
SEA ISLAND, GEORGIA
PALM BEACH, FLORIDA
CENTRE ISLAND, NEW YORK
MOUNTAIN VILLAGE
HILLSBOROUGH, CALIFORNIA
RANCHO SANTA FE, CALIFORNIA
UPPER/OLD BROOKVILLE, NEW YORK
ROSS
NEAR NORTH SIDE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
PURCHASE, NEW YORK
BALBOA ISLAND
ATHERTON, CALIFORNIA
DIABLO
PORTOLA VALLEY
SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA
BEACON HILL, MASSACHUSETTS
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