[I Peter 1:1-2]1Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, 2Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.
These people who Peter had been commissioned to evangelize were not Gentiles. They had a "foreknowledge" of Yahweh. The Greek words for "strangers scattered" are defined thus.........
Strangers: PARAPIDEMOS....an alien alongside...i.e, a resident foreigner.
Scattered: DIASPORA....Israelite residents in Gentile countries.
Peter was in Babylon writing to folks who were descended from the ten tribes of Israel and were now living on the southern shores of the Black Sea. He was precisely where Yeshua had told him to go.......seek out and evangelize the Lost Sheep of the House of Israel [Matthew 10:5-6]. By writing from Babylon he was also among the largest congregation of Israelite descendents anywhere in the known world at that time. Reference my earlier post on the historical location of these folks from the pages of Josephus.
I've pinged a couple of earlier posters who seem to have a good grasp of biblical history. Since you've posted some other areas have been covered........and they may interest you.
Thus the Scriptures offer no evidence Peter was ever in Rome.