46. While he yet talked to the people, behold, his mother and his brethren stood without, desiring to speak with him.
47. Then one said to him, Behold, your mother and your brethren stand without, desiring to speak with you.
48. But he answered and said to him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?
49. And he stretched forth his hand toward his disciples, and said, Behold my mother and brethren!
50. For whoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.
HILARY; Because He had spoken all the aforesaid things in the power of His Father's majesty, therefore the Evangelist proceeds to tell what answer He made to one that told Him that His mother and His brethren waited for Him without; While he yet spoke to the people, his mother and his brethren stood without desiring to see him.
AUG; We are to understand without doubt that this happened close upon the foregoing; for he begins to tell it with the words, And while he yet spoke. What can that yet mean but that it was at the very time He spoke the foregoing things? Mark also follows up that which He had said concerning blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, by saying, And there came his mother and his brethren. Luke has not observed the order of action here, but has placed this earlier as he happened to recollect it.
JEROME; From this is taken one of Helvidius's propositions, on the ground that mention is made in the Gospel of the brethren of the Lord.. How says he, are they called brethren of the Lord, if they were not his brethren? But now it should be known that in divine Scripture men are said to be brethren in four different ways, by nature, by nation, by kindred, and by affection. By nature, as Esau and Jacob. By nation, as all Jews are called brethren, as in Deuteronomy, You shall not set over you a foreigner who is not your brother. They are called brethren by kindred who are of one family, as in Genesis, Abraham said to Lot, Let there not be strife between you and me, for we are brethren. Also men are called brethren by affection; which is of two kinds, special and general.
Special, as all Christians are called brethren, as the Savior says, Go tell my brethren. General, inasmuch as all men are born of one father, we are bound together by a tie of consanguinity, as in that, Say to them that hate you, you are our brethren. I ask then, after which manner these are called the Lord's brethren in the Gospel? According to nature? But Scripture said not, neither calling them sons of Mary nor of Joseph. By nation? But it is absurd that some few out of all the Jews should be called brethren, seeing that all the Jews who were there might have thus been called brethren. By affection, either of a human sort, or of the Spirit? If that be true, yet how were they more His brethren than the Apostles, whom He instructed in the inmost mysteries. Or if because they were men, and all men are brethren, it was foolish to say of them particular, Behold, your brethren seek you. It only remains then that they should be His brethren by kindred, not by affection, not by privilege of nation, not by nature.
ID; But some suspect the brethren of the Lord to be sons of another wife, following the idle fancies of apocryphal writers, who have coined a certain woman called Esca. But we understand by the brethren of the Lord, not the sons Joseph, but cousins of the Savior, sons of a sister of Mary, aunt of Our Lord, who is said to be the mother of James the Less, and Joseph, and Jude, whom in another place of the Gospel we find called the brethren of the Lord. And that cousins are called brethren, appears from every part of Scripture.
CHRYS; But mark the loftiness of His brethren, when they should have come in and hearkened with the crowd, or if they would not this, to have waited the end of His speech, and then to have approached Him - they on the contrary call Him out to them, and do this before the multitude, therein showing their superabundant love of honor and also, that with all authority they lay their commands upon Christ. This the Evangelist covertly hints when he says, While he yet spoke; as much as to say, Was there no other time? But what did they seek to say? Was it anything of the dogmas of truth? then should they have brought forth before all, that all might profit thereby. But if of other things that concerned themselves alone, they should not have called Him in such haste, whence it is plain that they did this out of vain glory.
AUG; But whatever may be decided concerning these brethren, yet concerning the holy Virgin Mary, (for the honor of Christ,) when sin in her is question, I would not have it brought into doubt. For from this only we might know that more abundant grace was conferred upon her that she should overcome sin on all sides, because she merited to conceive and bring forth Him Who it is clear had no sin. It follows; Then said one to him, Behold, your mother and your brethren stand without seeking you.
JEROME; He that delivers this message, seems to me not to do it casually and without meaning, but as setting a snare for Him, whether He would prefer flesh and blood to the spiritual work; and thus the Lord refused to go out, not because He disowned His mother and His brethren, but that He might confound him that had laid this snare for Him.
CHRYS; For He said not, Go and say to her, She is not My mother, but continues His discourse to him that had brought Him word; as it follows; But he answered and said to him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?
HILARY; And He cannot be held to have thought meanly of His mother, seeing that in His passion He evinced the most extreme carefulness for her. CHRYS. But had He desired to disown His mother, He would have done it at the time when the Jews cast His birth in His teeth.
JEROME; He did not then, as Marcion and Manichaeus say, disown His mother, so as to be thought to be born of a phantasm, but He preferred His Apostles to His kindred, that we also in a comparison of our affections should set the spirit before the flesh.
AMBROSE; Nor does He overthrow the duty of filial submission, which is conveyed in the command, Honor your father and your mother, but shows that He owes more to the mysteries and relationship of His Father, than of His mother; as it follows, And stretching out his hand to his disciples, He said, Behold my mother and my brethren.
GREGORY; The Lord deigned to call faithful disciples His brethren, saying, Go, tell my brethren. Since then a man may be made a brother of the Lord by coming to the faith, it should be inquired how one may become also His mother. Be it known by us then, that he that by believing is made brother or sister of Christ, becomes His mother by preaching; for in pouring Him into the heart of the hearer, he may be said to beget the Lord; and he is made the Lord's mother, when by his word love of the Lord is begotten in the mind of his neighbor.
CHRYS; And besides what has been said, He taught also somewhat more, namely, that we should not neglect virtue relying on any kindred. For if it profited His mother nothing that she was such, if she had not had virtue, who is there that shall be fed by his kindred? For there is one only nobility, to do of God, and therefore it follows, Who shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother. Many women have blessed that holy Virgin and her womb, and have desired to be made such mothers. What is it then that hinders? Behold, He has set likewise; you a broad way, and not women only, but men likewise may become the mother of God.
JEROME; Let us also expound in another way. The Savior is speaking to the multitude - that is, He teaches the Gentiles the inward mysteries; His mother and His brethren, that is the synagogue and the Jewish people, stand without.
HILARY; Although they had like the rest power to come in, yet they abstain from all approach to Him, for he came to his own, and his own received him not.
GREGORY; Thus also His mother; declared to stand without, as though she was not acknowledged, because the synagogue is therefore not acknowledge by its Author, because it held to the observance of the Law, and having lost the spiritual discernment thereof, kept itself without to guard the letter.
JEROME; And when the shall have asked and inquired, and sent a messenger, they shall receive for answer, that their will is free, and that they can enter in, if they will believe.
Catena Aurea Matthew 12