From: Matthew 16:13-19

Peter’s Profession of Faith and His Primacy

[13] Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, He asked His
disciples, “Who do men say that the Son of Man is?” [14] And they said, “Some
say John the Baptist, others say Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the pro-
phets.” [15] He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” [16] Simon Peter
replied, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” [17] And Jesus answered
him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jona! For flesh and blood has not revealed
this to you, but My Father who is in Heaven. [18] And I tell you, you are Peter,
and on this rock I will build My Church, and the powers of death shall not prevail
against it. [19] I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever
you bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven, and whatever you loose on earth
shall be loosed in Heaven.”

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Commentary:

13-20. In this passage St. Peter is promised primacy over the whole Church, a
primacy which Jesus will confer on him after His Resurrection, as we learn in
the Gospel of St. John (cf. John 21:15-18). This supreme authority is given to
Peter for the benefit of the Church. Because the Church has to last until the end
of time, this authority will be passed on to Peter’s successors down through his-
tory. The Bishop of Rome, the Pope, is the successor of Peter.

The solemn Magisterium of the Church, in the First Vatican Council, defined the
doctrine of the primacy of Peter and his successors in these terms: “We teach
and declare, therefore, according to the testimony of the Gospel that the prima-
cy of jurisdiction over the whole Church was immediately and directly promised
to and conferred upon the blessed Apostle Peter by Christ the Lord. For to Si-
mon, Christ had said, ‘You shall be called Cephas’ (John 1:42). Then, after Si-
mon had acknowledged Christ with the confession, ‘You are the Christ, the Son
of the living God’ (Matthew 16:16), it was to Simon alone that the solemn words
were spoken by the Lord: ‘Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jona. For flesh and
blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in Heaven. And I tell
you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My Church, and the powers of
Hell shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven,
and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven, and what you loose
on earth shall be loosed in Heaven’ (Matthew 16:17-19). And after His Resurrec-
tion, Jesus conferred upon Simon Peter alone the jurisdiction of supreme shep-
herd and ruler over His whole fold with the words, ‘Feed My lambs....Feed My
sheep’ (John 21: 15-17) [...]

“Now, what Christ the Lord, Supreme Shepherd and watchful guardian of the
flock, established in the person of the blessed Apostle Peter for the perpetual
safety and everlasting good of the Church must, by the will of the same, endure
without interruption in the Church which was founded on the rock and which will
remain firm until the end of the world. Indeed, ‘no one doubts, in fact it is obvious
to all ages, that the holy and most blessed Peter, Prince and head of the Apos-
tles, the pillar of faith, and the foundation of the Catholic Church, received the
keys of the kingdom from our Lord Jesus Christ, the Savior and the Redeemer of
the human race; and even to this time and forever he lives,’ and governs, ‘and ex-
ercises judgment in his successors’ (cf. Council of Ephesus), the bishops of the
holy Roman See, which he established and consecrated with his blood. There-
fore, whoever succeeds Peter in this Chair holds Peter’s primacy over the whole
Church according to the plan of Christ Himself [...]. For this reason, ‘because of
its greater sovereignty,’ it was always ‘necessary for every church, that is, the
faithful who are everywhere, to be in agreement’ with the same Roman Church
[...]

“We think it extremely necessary to assert solemnly the prerogative which the
only-begotten Son of God deigned to join to the highest pastoral office. “And so,
faithfully keeping to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith,
for the glory of God our Savior, for the exaltation of the Catholic religion, and for
the salvation of Christian peoples, We, with the approval of the sacred council,
teach and define that it is a divinely revealed dogma: that the Roman Pontiff,
when he speaks “ex cathedra”, that is, when, acting in the office of shepherd
and teacher of all Christians, he defines, by virtue of his supreme apostolic au-
thority, doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the universal Church,
possesses through the divine assistance promised to him in the person of St.
Peter, the infallibility with which the divine Redeemer willed His Church to be en-
dowed in defining doctrine concerning faith or morals; and that such definitions
of the Roman Pontiff are therefore irreformable because of their nature, but not
because of the agreement of the Church.

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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

Readings at Mass

First reading

1 Peter 5:1-4 ©

Now I have something to tell your elders: I am an elder myself, and a witness to the sufferings of Christ, and with you I have a share in the glory that is to be revealed. Be the shepherds of the flock of God that is entrusted to you: watch over it, not simply as a duty but gladly, because God wants it; not for sordid money, but because you are eager to do it. Never be a dictator over any group that is put in your charge, but be an example that the whole flock can follow. When the chief shepherd appears, you will be given the crown of unfading glory.

Psalm

Psalm 22:1-6 ©

The Lord is my shepherd: there is nothing I shall want.

The Lord is my shepherd;

there is nothing I shall want.

Fresh and green are the pastures

where he gives me repose.

Near restful waters he leads me,

to revive my drooping spirit.

The Lord is my shepherd: there is nothing I shall want.

He guides me along the right path;

he is true to his name.

If I should walk in the valley of darkness

no evil would I fear.

You are there with your crook and your staff;

with these you give me comfort.

The Lord is my shepherd: there is nothing I shall want.

You have prepared a banquet for me

in the sight of my foes.

My head you have anointed with oil;

my cup is overflowing.

The Lord is my shepherd: there is nothing I shall want.

Surely goodness and kindness shall follow me

all the days of my life.

In the Lord’s own house shall I dwell

for ever and ever.

The Lord is my shepherd: there is nothing I shall want.

Gospel Acclamation

Mt16:18

Alleluia, alleluia!

You are Peter,

and on this rock I will build my Church.

And the gates of the underworld can never hold out against it.

Alleluia!

Gospel

When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi he put this question to his disciples, ‘Who do people say the Son of Man is?’ And they said, ‘Some say he is John the Baptist, some Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.’ ‘But you,’ he said ‘who do you say I am?’ Then Simon Peter spoke up, ‘You are the Christ,’ he said ‘the Son of the living God.’ Jesus replied, ‘Simon son of Jonah, you are a happy man! Because it was not flesh and blood that revealed this to you but my Father in heaven. So I now say to you: You are Peter and on this rock I will build my Church. And the gates of the underworld can never hold out against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven: whatever you bind on earth shall be considered bound in heaven; whatever you loose on earth shall be considered loosed in heaven.’