I thought of that, then rejected it. America was too fractured to be called America at that time. It was two nations: The Union and the Confederacy.
Actually, it was one Nation and a bunch of misfits.
If we were two nations (the USA and the CSA), then Jeff Davis should count. But the US, not suprisingly, didn't treat him as a foreign leader. He was held by the military for awhile, then released to the civil authorities who indicted him for treason (a crime which foreigners obviously can't commit), released him on bail, and eventually null pros'd him (avoiding the rather sticky question of whether he actually was a foreigner when he led the CSA -- a question which would have been decided by a Virginia jury).
More recently, in addition to Noriega, we also captured Karl Doenitz, who replaced Hitler as Chancellor of Germany after Hitler's suicide. He was tried by the allied war crimes tribunal at Nuremburg and spent 10 years in Spandau Prison.