[Tom D.]

As I recall, Isaac Newton came before the Industrial Revolution. Copernicus came before Newton.

[AntiGuv]

The heliocentric model was first recorded by Aristarchus of Samos in ancient Greece. It's written on by Aristotle, Archimides, and Plutarch, among others. It was Ptolemy's embrace of a geometric model that created a discontinuity between Aristarchus and Copernicus.

I bundle the Age of Enlightenment, along with Isaac Newton, in with the Industrial Revolution. They are parts of the same phenomenon in my view.

[AntiGuv]

PS. But it was the Industrial Revolution that ultimately catapulted Europe to global hegemony. The rest is ultimately just prep-work.

[AntiGuv]

That should be geocentric model, not geometric model (though it is geometric fwiw).